TEKS Correlations

Grades 4-7

Science

2. Scientific processes. The student uses scientific
inquiry methods during field and laboratory investigations. The student is expected to:

(C) analyze and interpret information to construct reasonable explanations from direct and indirect evidence.


3. Scientific processes. The student uses critical
thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze, review, and critique scientific explanations, including hypotheses and theories, as to their strengths and weaknesses using scientific evidence and information; (D) evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment.

Grade 4: (4.8)Science concepts. The student knows that adaptations may increase the survival of members of a species. The student is expected to:
(B) compare adaptive characteristics of various species; and (C) identify the kinds of species that lived in the past and compare them to existing species.

(4.10) Science concepts. The student knows that certain past events affect present and future events. The student is expected to:
(B) draw conclusions about "what happened before" using fossils or charts and tables.

Social Studies

Grade 4: (8) Geography. The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the geographic factors that influence where people live. The student is expected to:
(B) explain patterns of settlement at different time periods in Texas.

(9) Geography. The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment. The student is expected to:
(A) describe ways people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present; (B) identify reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present, such as the use of natural resources to meet basic needs.

(22) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology. The student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software; interviews; biographies; oral, print, and visual material; and artifacts to acquire information about the United States and Texas; (B) analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions; (F) use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

Grade 5:(9) Geography. The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment. The student is expected to:
(A) describe ways people have adapted to and modified their environment in the United States, past and present;
(B) identify reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in the United States, past and present, such as the use of human resources to meet basic needs.

(25) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology. The student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software; interviews; biographies; oral, print, and visual material; and artifacts to acquire information about the United States and Texas; (B) analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions; (F) use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

Grade 6 & 7: (21) Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of sources including electronic technology. The student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between, locate, and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software; interviews; biographies; oral, print, and visual material; and artifacts to acquire information about selected world cultures; (B) analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions.

 
 

Step 7: Analyzing the Evidence

Goal: to develop critical thinking and scientific problem solving skills in order to make informed decisions based on data collected through archaeological survey, excavation, and screening; to analyze, review, and critique the student's original hypotheses.

Objective: students will interpret the past activities at their site using artifacts, objects, and records they have created during the excavation activity.

Materials Needed:
- excavated materials and associated records

Activity Description:

  • Artifacts are objects that are made or modified for use by humans. Examination of artifacts using targeted questions helps to build observational skills and generate additional questions about the artifact and the particular circumstances in which it may have been used. Ask students to use the questions below to describe their artifacts as completely and accurately as possible.

    Students may not have enough information to answer all of the questions; some are designed to encourage further research into a particular object, environment, technology, or lifeway.

    1. Physical Characteristics
    What is its size, shape, weight, volume, density, color, temperature, smell, and texture?
    Draw a small picture of it.
    2. Composition
    What is it made of?
    Was it made of cheap or expensive materials for the time in which it was made?
    Were the materials difficult or easy to work with?
    3. Function
    What did/does the object do?
    What was its purpose?
    How did it fulfill the needs of the people who used it?
    4. Interrelationships and Interdependencies
    Relationships among artifacts, people and society are always dynamic.
    With what or who did the object interact during its daily use?
    How long do you think people have been using this type of object?
    What changes in society would the object reflect if its type fell into disuse or disappeared?
    What changes do you think occurred over time in its purpose or way of manufacture?
    5. History
    Make up a history for the object from the time it was made until right now.
    Who made it?
    How was it made?
    Was it produced in quantity?
    By hand or by machine?
    How does it reflect the society that made it?
    6. Aesthetic Value
    Is it beautiful?
    How does it make you feel?
  • Look at the written records, especially the excavation maps to see if there is any additional information that can be added to the artifacts from their placement at the site.
  • Combine all of the information to further develop the story you are creating.