Definitions:

Additive - "An ingredient or combination of ingredients added to the basic feed mix or parts thereof to fulfill a specific need. Usually used in micro quantities requiring careful handling and mixing". (Association of American Feed Control Officials).

Non-nutritive -

Drugs - Substances that are intended for use in the diagnosis, care, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease; or, substance other than food intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animal.

Approval Process (FDA)

Target Species vs. Others

Feed Additive Types and Uses

Growth Promotion and Feed Efficiency

Medicinal Uses

Anthelmintics

Buffers and neutralizers

Preservatives

Probiotics

Flavoring compounds

Growth Promotion and Feed Efficiency

Antibiotics- inhibits growth of micro organism (produced by living organism)

Bacitracin - Chicken, swine, turkey

* Bambermycins - chicken, swine, turkey

Chlortetracycline - cattle, chicken, horse, sheep, swine, turkey

Erythromycin - chicken

* Lasalocid - cattle, sheep

Lincomycin - chicken

* Monensin - cattle

Oxytetracycline - cattle, chicken, sheep, swine, turkey

Penicillin - chicken, swine, turkey

Tylosin - chicken, swine

* Virginiamycin - chicken, swine, cattle

Chemotherpeutic Agents - inhibits the growth of organisms (but not produced by living organisms)

Arsanilic acid - chicken, swine, turkey

Carbadox - swine

Ipronidazole - turkey

Roxarsone - chicken, turkey

Question - Is there a relationship between response to antibiotics and cleanliness?

Medicinal uses:

Coccidiostats -

Amprolium - cattle, chicken, turkey

Decoquinate - cattle, chicken

Lasalocid - chicken, sheep

Monensin - chicken, cattle

Enteritis, diarrhea, dysentary -

Arsanilic acid - swine

Carbadox - swine

Chlortetracycline - cattle, chicken, swine, turkey

Lincomycin - chicken, swine

Oxytetracycline - cattle, chicken, sheep, swine, turkey

Penicillin - chicken, turkey

Tylosin - swine

Virginiamycin - chicken, swine

Anthelmintics-

Dichlorvos (atgard) - swine

Fenbendazole (Safe-Guard) - swine, cattle

Levamisole hydrochloride (Tramisol) - cattle, swine

Morantel tartrate (Rumatel) - cattle

Phenothiazine - cattle, chicken, horse, sheep, swine, turkey

Piperazine - chicken, swine, turkey

Pyrantel tartrate (Banminth) - swine

Thiabendazole (TBZ) - cattle, sheep, swine

Question - How are they added to feed?

Buffers and Neutralizers

Sodium Bicarbonate

Potassium Bicarbonate

Preservative (Antioxidants)

BHT - Butylated Hydroxytoluene

BHA - Butylated Hydroxyanisole

Vitamin E

Probiotics

Lactobacillus

Streptococcus

Fungi

Aspergillis

Bacillus

Flavoring Compounds

Others

Color

Liver Abscesses in Cattle

Enterotoxemia

Fly Control

Bloat Guard

Foot Rot