Who has voted on what section?
| ID | Behavior | Definition | Hurnik ID | User | B1_URL | B | B1 | B1_FS | S5_FS | B2 | B2_URL | B2_FS | B3 | B3_URL | B3_FS | B4 | B4_URL | B4_FS | B5 | B5_URL | B5_FS | S | S1 | S1_URL | S1_FS | S2 | S2_URL | S2_FS | S3 | S3_URL | S3_FS | S4 | S4_URL | S4_FS | S5 | S5_URL | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ABANDONMENT CALL | See Separation Call. | A00301 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | ABDUCTION | Movement away from the median plane. | A00303 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | ABERRANT BEHAVIOR | See Abnormal Behavior. | A00304 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | ABERRATION | Deviation from that which is typical, regular, common, or standard. | A00305 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | ABIENT | Avoiding or moving away from the source of stimulation. Antonym adient. | A00306 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | ABILITY | Competence of an organism to perform a given task. Also see specific ability - MOTHERING. | A00307 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | ABNORMAL | Deviating from a norm. The term has many applications, the most objective being a statistical interpretation focusing on qualitative or quantitative deviations from expected frequencies, means, or intervals. | A00309 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR | Behavior that deviates in form, frequency, or sequence from a defined, comparable standard. Such a standard may be a behavioral inventory typical for a given genotype, age group, sex, nutritional level, housing condition, or management system, etc. | A00310 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | ABORAL | The region of the body considered opposite to the mouth, or in a direction of movement away from the mouth (e.g., along the digestive tract). | A00311 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | ACCEPTANCE, SOCIAL | See Social Acceptance. | A00317 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | ACCIDENTAL REINFORCEMENT | See Incidental Reinforcement. | A00320 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 | ADVENTITIOUS REWARD | A reward that is unplanned by the experimenter, or not under the experimenter's control, but that influences the behavior of the test organism. | A00601 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | ADVERTISEMENT | Any form of communication displayed to attract conspecifics (typically potential sexual partners) or to distract, warn, or threaten potential rivals or adversaries. | A00602 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 | AEROPHAGIA | The swallowing of air. Excessive aerophagia, commonly occurring during habitual cribbing in horses, can lead to serious digestive problems and is considered a dangerous vice. | A00603 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29 | AFFECTION | Behavior that indicates positive feelings toward other organisms of the same or different species. | A00604 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 | AFTERBIRTH | The placenta and placental membranes expelled from the uterus following parturition. | A00609 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | AGGREGATION | Clustering of organisms independently attracted to some environmental resource (e.g., feed, water, temperature, etc.) Aggregation is distinguished from grouping induced by social factors. Compare Flocking, Herding. | A00616 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | AGGRESSION | Any purposive action of an organism toward another organism with the actual or potential result of harming, limiting, or depriving it. In special cases, a nonliving object or the instigator itself may be the focus of the aggressive action. Also see specific aggressions -- DEFENSIVE; DOMINANCE; OFFENSIVE; REINFORCED; SEXUAL; TERRITORIAL. | A00617 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 37 | AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR | See Aggression. | A00618 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 39 | AGITATION | Relatively strong emotionality, nervousness, or restlessness. | A00702 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 41 | AGNOSIA | Inability to perceive; generally used in reference to specific sensory modalities, such as auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, or visual agnosia. | A00704 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 43 | AGONISTIC | Refers to any activity performed in the context of an aggressive interaction. It encompasses the actions of both the instigator and the victim. | A00706 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 45 | AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR | Any behavior indicative of social conflict such as ;threat, attack, and fight; or escape, avoidance, appeasement, and subordination. | A00707 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 47 | AGONY | A state of extreme suffering and distress often associated with moribund behavior. | A00708 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 49 | AHEMERAL CYCLE | A light-dark cycle other than 24 hours in length. | A00712 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 51 | AIR PECKING (poultry) | Pecking movements toward no obvious target. | A00715 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 53 | ALARM CALL | A vocal alarm signal. | A00717 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 55 | ALARM SIGNAL | A signal emitted by an organism to alert other individuals in the vicinity of the presence of danger. The signal has a high arousal potential for conspecifics, and often for other animals as well. | A00719 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 57 | ALARM RESPONSE | Any behavioral response indicative of fear or awareness of danger. | A00720 | ORI | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/A00720B.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | Bovine | #1 | 1081 KB | Swine | #1 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/A00720S.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/PIG.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1301 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 59 | ALERT | The state characterized by high attentiveness and responsiveness to stimuli Compare: Consciousness, Awareness. | A00721 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 61 | ALLELOMIMETIC BEHAVIOR | Behavioral activities that have strong components of social facilitation, imitation, and group coordination. Synonym: Allomimetic Behavior. | A00805 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 63 | ALLIANCE (horse) | A form of cooperation between stallions in a multi-male bands of feral horses. One stallion may confront an approaching male from another band, while the other stays with his group. On the next such confrontation the roles of the two stallions might change. | A00806 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 65 | ALLOCHTHONOUS BEHAVIOR | A term arising out of the concept of action-specific energy. Allochthonous behavior is that which is driven by energy that has sparked over from some other drive due to thwarting of the expression of behavior specific to the latter drive. In this conceptual system, displacement activities could be considered allochthonous behaviors. Compare: Autochthonous Behavior. | A00807 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 67 | ALLOGROOMING | See Grooming. | A00808 | ORI | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/A00808B.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | Bovine | #1 | 1821 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 69 | ALLOLICKING | See Licking. | A00810 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 71 | ALLOMIMETIC BEHAVIOR | See Allelomimetic Behavior. | A00811 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 73 | ALL-OR-NONE RESPONSE | A response that is either elicited or not and, if elicited, shows no grading. | A00817 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75 | ALPHA ANIMAL | The animal that ranks highest socially in its group (Animals in an established linear social hierarchy are often designated with letters of the Greek alphabet according to their rank). Compare Omega Animal. | A00820 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 77 | ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR | Behavior by which an organism manifests altruism. | A00904 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 79 | ALTRUISM | A phenomenon in which one organism does something to the benefit of another organism(s), usually at some cost to itself. In the context of human conduct altruistic moral philosophy asserts that morality cannot be based exclusively on satisfaction of self-interest. | A00903 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 81 | AMATORY BEHAVIOR | A term occasionally used to refer to activities indicative of the development and maintenance of attachment between animals. Behavioral signs include allogrooming, muzzling, licking, and social play. | A00905 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 83 | AMBIVALENT POSTURE | A form of compromise behavior in which an animal adopts a posture having separate elements suggestive of the influence of different motivations. | A00909 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 85 | AMBLE (horse) | A variation of the pace gait that is distinguished by a slight hesitation between the placing of the hooves of the front and rear legs on the same side of the horse. The amble is a slower gait than is the pace, but it is easier for the rider. | A00910 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 87 | AMBULATION | Walking. | A00912 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 89 | AMBLYOPIA | Reduced clarity of vision. | A00911 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 91 | ANADIPSIA | Intense thirst. | A00913 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 93 | ANALOGOUS BEHAVIOR | Behavior manifested by different species that is similar in function but does not originate from common ancestry. Compare: Homologous Behavior. | A00917 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95 | ANAL REFLEX | Spasmodic contraction of the anus in response to tactile stimulation. | A01002 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97 | ANAPHIA | Lack of sense of touch. | A01004 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 | ANESTRUS | A relatively long period of sexual inactivity in females of reproductive age, generally occurring in response to seasonal change. Compare: Seasonal Breeding. | A01009 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 | ANNOUNCING (chicken) | A vocalization emitted frequently after oviposition. Synonym: Cackling. | A01107 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 103 | ANNOYER | An unpleasant stimulus. | A01108 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 105 | ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR | See Abnormal Behavior. | A01109 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 107 | ANOREXIA | Chronic inappetance or reduced appetite for food. | A01109 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 109 | ANTE PARTUM | Before parturition, or more specifically, before onset of labor. | A01110 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 111 | ANTERIOR | Situated in front of, or in the direction of, the head of the body. | A01106 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 113 | ANTERIOR PRESENTATION | Fetal presentation in which the forelegs and nose jointly enter the birth canal. There are also two variations of anterior presentation partially anterior presentation and cranial presentation. | A01117 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 115 | ANTICIPATORY REACTION | A response to a stimulus before its actual occurrence. | A01120 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 117 | ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR | Any action having the purpose of reducing attacks by predators or diminishing their harm to an individual or group. Antipredator behavior includes cryptic behavior, vigilance, avoidance or escape, grouping, temporary group dispersion, defensive formation, selection of protective nest site, distraction of the predator from the nest site or offspring, threat display. discharge of noxious substances, and attack | A01201 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 119 | ANURIA | Absence of or complete retention of urine. Compare: Oliguria. | A01202 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 121 | APATHY | Listless and indifferent behavior; commonly a reaction to persistent and insurmountable frustration. | A01204 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 123 | APHAGIA | Refusal to eat. | A01206 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 125 | APHRODISIA | Exaggerated sexual desire or unusually frequent display of sexual behavior. | A01207 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 127 | APNEA | Lack of respiration. An apneic period occurs in newborns prior to initiation of regular pulmonary activity (neonatal apnea). Apnea also occurs as a consequence of neural malfunction (sleep apnea), or intense traumatic experience (traumatic apnea). | A01208 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 129 | APOPATHETIC BEHAVIOR | Behavior influenced by the presence of conspecifics, but not directed toward them. | A01210 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 131 | APOSEMATIC | Conspicuous display of colored structures that increase the effect of threat and benefit self-defense capacity of animals. | A01212 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 133 | APOSIA | Refusal to drink. | A01213 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 135 | APOSITIA | Aversion to food. | A01214 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 137 | APPARENT MOVEMENT | Subjective and illusionary visual perception of movement in the absence of real movement. Apparent movement can be generated by rapid succession of motionless stimuli that mimic the changes that occur in true movement. | A01216 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 139 | APPEASEMENT | Conciliation directed toward an aggressor or potential aggressor. | A01217 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 141 | APPEASEMENT SIGNAL | Any behavioral display indicative of conciliatory intent. Appeasement signals often are manifested toward threatening conspecifics when escape is either difficult or impossible. | A01218 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 143 | APPERCEPTION | The process of conscious perception of events and full awareness including self awareness. | A01219 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 145 | APPETITE | Desire for some commodity that can be neutralized by specific consummatory responses. The term generally is used in reference to recurrent desires related to physiological processes. Also see specific appetites - DIMINISHED; PERVERTED; REDUCED; RETURNED; VARIABLE. | A01301 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 147 | APPETITIVE BEHAVIOR | Behavior manifested during the initial phase of an operant behavioral cycle indicative of desire to attain a certain goal (e.g., searching for food, pressing bar, broadcasting attraction signals, etc.). | A01302 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 149 | APPREHENSIVE BEHAVIOR | Any behavior indicative of an organism' s anticipation of some adverse experience. The most common indicators include high level of alertness, intense sensory focusing on fear-causing stimulus(i), lowered "Flight or Fight" thresholds, defensive posture, and threat display. | A01305 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 151 | ARCHED NECK (horse) | Distinct flexion of the neck displayed during agnostic encounters between males and during courtship when a male is approaching a female. | A01311 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 153 | ARREST | Sudden cessation. This term is used frequently in reference to the activities or the function of specific organs (e.g., maturation arrest, cardiac arrest). | A01316 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 155 | ARTIFICIAL BREEDING | Breeding which artificially replaces or by-passes one or more steps of natural breeding. | A01319 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 157 | ASEXUALITY | Long lasting or permanent absence of sexual excitability and sexual activity. | A01402 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 159 | ASYMMETRIC GAIT | A gait in which the action of one or more legs is not synchronized with that of another leg. Also see specific gaits - CANTER; COUNTER CANTER; DISUNITED CANTER; GALLOP. | A01411 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 161 | ASYMMETRY | In a biological context, any incomplete identity between two sides of the body; or differences in levels of activity between pairs of organs located on either side of the body. | A01412 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 163 | ATTACK | A violent, generally sudden, punishing action by one animal toward another. | A01504 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 165 | ATTENTION | Adjustment of sense organs and central nervous system to allow for maximal perception of a particular stimulus. Also see specific attention-selective. | A01505 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 167 | ATTITUDE | The characteristic manner in which an organism tends to react toward another organism. This term also is used to denote body posture or position, particularly in reference to specific situations, (e.g., defensive attitude, forced attitude, stereotyped attitude). | A01506 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 169 | ATTRACTION | The phenomenon of being stimulated to focus attention on, and in some cases to approach, some object, organism, or action because of its inherent characteristics. Antonym: Repulsion. | A01508 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 171 | ATTRACTION SIGNAL | Any vocal, visual, olfactory, or other sign, or combination of such signs, broadcast by an organism to attract other organisms into its spatial proximity. | A01509 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 173 | AUDIBILITY RANGE | The range between the lowest and highest frequency of sound perceivable to an individual, group, or species. | A01512 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 175 | AURICLE | The portion of the external ear that surrounds the meatus and extends out from the side of the head. The structure of the auricle is specialized to channel sound waves into the meatus. | A01601 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 177 | AURICLE REFLEX | Movement of the ears in response to auditory stimuli. | A01602 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 179 | AUTOCHTHONOUS BEHAVIOR | A term arising out of the concept of action-specific energy. AUTOCHTHONOUS behavior is that which is driven by its own action-specific energy. In this conceptual system vacuum activities could be considered autochthonous behaviors. Compare: Allochthonous Behavior. | A01604 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 181 | AVERSION | A strong or fixed dislike. Also see specific aversions-SIGNAL; TASTE. | A01612 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 183 | AVERSIVE STIMULUS | A noxious stimulus that an organism tends to remove or avoid. | A01614 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 185 | AVOIDANCE | Prevention or neutralization of aversive stimulation by means of nonapproach, escape, appeasement or subordination, or appropriate operant response. | A01616 | ORI | Swine | #1 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/A01616S.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/PIG.JPG" align="top"></a> | 2203 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 187 | AWAKE | A state of full consciousness and readiness to perform voluntary activities. Antonym: Sleep. | A01701 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 189 | BALANCE | Maintenance of an upright posture through appropriate adjustment of muscle tonus. In a more general sense, the term is used to define a state of equilibrium or homeostasis (e.g., nutritional balance, thermal balance). | B01711 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 191 | BALKING | The refusal of an animal to move from a spot or the disobedience of directive commands from the rider or handler. | B01713 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 193 | BALLOTADE (horse) | A dressage exercise of the Spanish High Riding School similar to the Croupade except that the hind legs instead of being drawn up below the body are extended backward exposing the hoofs before the horse lands on all four feet simultaneously on the same spot from which it leaped. | B01714 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 195 | BAR BITING | Stereotyped biting, gnawing, or sliding of the mouth on accessible parts (usually metal bars) of an enclosure. This type of behavior occurs relatively often in swine housed in close confinement, particularly farrowing or gestation crates, or on concrete floors without bedding material and with a concentrated diet. Bar biting is considered to be an indicator of boredom, but since its occurrence is increased prior to farrowing, it also may be a component of vacuum nest building or a displacement activity linked to predelivery discomfort. Also see Cribbing | B01802 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 197 | BAND (horse) | A natural group of horses consisting generally of a stallion, several mares, and several sexually immature individuals of various ages. | B01801 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 199 | BARED TEETH (horse) | Contraction of lips displaying incisor teeth. Bared teeth is a threat signal and is an integral part of aggressive biting. | B01803 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 201 | BARK (swine) | A short (0.05 - 0.2 sec), sharp vocalization produced with an open mouth as a single sound or a short series of repeated sounds by a surprised pig. The amplitude of a bark is highest at the beginning of the sound and falls sharply thereafter. The pitch is usually between 2 and 3 kHz. Barks appear to be both threat and alarm calls, having a high arousal effect on other pigs, particularly preweaned young. Other animals react to barking with quick orientation, followed by a brief period of immobility and silence. | B01805 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 203 | BARKER SYNDROME (swine) | A rare respiratory disease of pigs. Behavioral symptoms are difficult breathing, repeated barking sounds, and uncoordinated locomotion. | B01806 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 205 | BARREN ENVIRONMENT | An environment of very low complexity. | B01811 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 207 | BARROW | A young castrated male pig. | B01813 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 209 | BATTERY CAGE | One in a series of identical or similar cages for housing of animals, all equipped with waterers and feeders. Battery cages usually are stacked in several horizontal tiers and most commonly are used for housing of laying hens. The number of hens housed in each cage depends on its size, but generally varies between 3 and 10 birds. | B01817 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 211 | BAWL (cattle) | A loud vocalization made when cattle are apparently distressed or disturbed. | B01901 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 213 | BEAK TRIMMING (poultry) | Removal of the distal portion of the beak to curtail injuries due to pecking among birds housed in groups. Since the beak is innervated, the ethical validity of beak trimming has been questioned. | B01903 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 215 | BEHAVIOR | The observable action of a living organism, either instigated by the organism or imposed by external circumstances (e.g., contraction of a muscle, locomotion, vocalization, social interaction, movement as a result of being pushed, etc.). Many Behaviors listed. | B01909 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 217 | BEHAVIORAL ACTION | Any observable behavioral state or event. In a more specific context, the term refers to operationally intrinsic and simple actions which are an integral part of some more complex behavioral pattern. | B02001 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 219 | BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS | The process of separation of behavioral activities according to their basic features (e.g., cause, function, or history of acquisition). | B02002 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 221 | BEHAVIORAL CATEGORY | A class of behavioral activities, usually based on some essential or fundamental consideration (e.g., learned or instinctive behavior in a classification according to origin; social or territorial behavior in a functional classification). | B02003 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 223 | BEHAVIORAL INVENTORY | A list comprising the range of documented behavioral actions performed by an individual, breed, or species. Compare: Behavioral Repertoire. | B02010 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 225 | BEHAVIORAL REPERTOIRE | The full range of behavioral actions manifested by an individual breed or species. Compare: Behavioral inventory. | B02015 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 227 | BELLOWING (cattle) | A general term for loud, repeated vocalizations of cattle. Bellowing may be an indication of excitement or distress (e.g., when expecting feed or water, when separated from group members, when in estrus) or a warning signal. High incidence of bellowing may be associated with nymphomania or disease (e.g., rabies). | B02203 | ORI | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02203B.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | Bovine | #1 | 1005 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 229 | BELLY SUCKING | A term applied jointly to navel sucking, prepuce sucking. | B02204 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 231 | BILLING (poultry) | Mutual contact of beaks between two birds, often displayed between monogamous partners. | B02212 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 233 | BILL WIPING | Periodic vigorous lateral movements of the head by which a bird rubs its beak on some object. Bill wiping increases in frequency during or after feeding. | B02213 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 235 | BIRTH | Emergence of an organism from the body of its dam. Also see specific birth - PREMATURE. | B02308 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 237 | BITING | Grasping and applying pressure to an object with the teeth or beak to hold, puncture, or shear it. Biting may occur as a component of ingestive behavior, sexual behavior, or aggressive behavior. Habitual aggressive biting is considered a dangerous vice. Also see specific biting - BAR; EAR. | B02310 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 239 | BLATT (sheep) | A general term for the vocalization of sheep and goats. A medium amplitude sound of variable duration (0.5 - 2.0 sec) produced with the mouth open. This sound is emitted when an animal becomes separated from its herdmates. In the case of dam-offspring separation, the duration of the dam's blatts is longer than usual. It is thought that short blatts aid herd cohesion and loud, repeated blatts indicate distress. | B02313 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 241 | BLOAT | A digestive disorder in ruminant animals characterized by excessive accumulation of gases in the rumen. The term also is used to describe generalized distention of the abdomen. | B02403 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 243 | BLOW (cattle) | Forceful expulsion of air through the nasal cavity and nostrils. It is produced during olfactory investigation with the head extended toward the object being investigated. In a louder version, it is apparently a threat signal directed toward a nearby adversary or other aversive stimulus. | B02408 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 245 | BLOW (horse) | A sound of approximately 0.1 - 0.20 sec duration with a broad frequency range. It is emitted often during investigation and is assumed to indicate anxiety. | B02409 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 247 | BOAR | A sexually mature male pig. | B02410 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 249 | BODY RUBBER | A simple device, usually a suspended bag, chain, line, or post, against which an animal can rub itself. Body rubbers are occasionally equipped for automatic application of pesticides to control ectoparasites. | B02412 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 251 | BOLTING | Swallowing of food with very little or no chewing action. Bolting can cause digestive problems and typically reduces the efficiency of feed conversion. Habitual bolting is considered a dangerous vice. | B02413 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 253 | BOLTING (horse) | Uncontrolled running by the horse which is dangerous to the rider and the horse. | B02414 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 255 | BOSS ANIMAL | "Alpha" animal. (colloquial term). | B02501 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 257 | BOVINE | A cattle-beast or pertaining to cattle. | B02504 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 259 | BOWIE (sheep) | A clinical term for leg deformity in lambs. It may lead to severe lameness and inability to walk. | B02506 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 261 | BRANDING | Marking the surface of an organism's body for the purpose of individual identification by causing a permanent and visible scar to form. The branding destroys melanocytes in the skin and permanently changes the color of hairs growing on the affected areas. | B02601 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 263 | BREAKING-IN (horse) | The first stage of training of a young horse. | B02602 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 265 | BREATHING | See Respiration. | B02603 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 267 | BREECH PRESENTATION | Fetal presentation in which the posterior enters the birth canal with the hind legs directed toward the head of the fetus. | B02604 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 269 | BREEZE (horse) | To run a horse at a moderate speed. | B02608 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 271 | BRIDLING (ducks) | A postcopulatory action pattern of male ducks characterized by periodic pulling of the head and neck towards the hack interspersed with occasional vocalizations. | B02609 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 273 | BROADCAST SIGNAL | A signal that is emitted to convey information to any appropriate individual(s) that may be within range (e.g., crowing by roosters). Compare: Directed Signal. | B02613 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 275 | BROILER | A meat type chicken raised for marketing at an early age (approximately 5 to 7 weeks). | B02614 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 277 | BROKEN MOUTH | A condition occurring when a sheep loses its incisor teeth thus causing difficulties in grazing and feed intake(colloquial term). | B02615 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 279 | BROKEN PENIS | Morphological abnormality of the penis caused by rupture or tearing of its tissues. The damage may occur as a consequence of a sudden rapid movement (e.g., collapse) of the female during copulation, or misdirection of the penis during strong propulsus. | B02616 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 281 | BROODINESS | Maternal tendency of birds to hatch eggs in a nest and raise neonates. | B02702 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 283 | BRUSHING (horse) | Inappropriate movement of the legs causing the median side of the moving hoof to knock against the median side of the opposite leg. | B02705 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 285 | BUCK | A sexually mature male goat, rabbit, or deer. | B02707 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 287 | BUCKING (horse) | The act of leaping with arched hack and lowered head lands on stiff forelegs, attempting to dislodge the rider. | B02708 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 289 | BULL | A sexually mature bovine male. | B02711 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 291 | BULLER-RIDER SYNDROME | Frequent mounting of an animal by its peers. This syndrome develops more frequently when the animals are housed in large groups and/or crowded conditions (e.g., in a feedlot) and, if persistent, may cause the death of the mounted animal. | B02712 | ORI | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02712B.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | Bovine | #1 | 999 KB | #2 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02712B2.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | 765 KB | #3 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02712B3.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1179 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 293 | BULLING (cattle) | Mounting and chin-pressing of peer cows by a cow, usually when the instigator is close to or in estrus (colloquial term). | B02714 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 295 | BUMPING | A traditional technique used to detect pregnancy in cows during the latter stage (last four months) of gestation. It is conducted by placing a hand against the right flank of the abdomen and then applying one or more pushes in an attempt to feel the fetus. The accuracy of this technique increases with advancing stage of pregnancy and experience of the tester. | B02716 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 297 | BUNTING | See Butting. | B02801 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 299 | BUNT ORDER | Social rank order in pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle (colloquial term). | B02802 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 301 | BURROWING | To dig into and make passageways through some material (e.g., a rabbit burrowing through soil or straw). | B02803 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 303 | BUTTING | Hitting an object or another organism with the forehead or horns. Butting is commonly displayed during aggression or as displacement behavior when directed toward some object other than an adversary. A mild butting during nursing (nursing butts) conducted by a suckling offspring is Butting during nursing (nursing butts) conducted by a suckling offspring is most common in bovines. | B02804 | ORI | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02804B.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | Bovine | #1 | 1213 KB | #2 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02804B2.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1477 KB | #3 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02804B3.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1821 KB | #4 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/B02804B4.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1041 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 305 | CACKLING (chicken) | A low frequency vocalization consisting of a relatively long (up to 4 sec) sequence of uneven duration sounds, often produced after egg laying. | C02805 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 307 | CAESAREAN Delivery | Surgical removal of a fetus from the uterus usually at the approximate time when parturition would occur normally. | C02807 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 309 | CALF | In some mammalian species (such as cattle, elephants, whales, etc.), an animal before it reaches puberty. | C02810 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 311 | CALL | See specific calls - ABANDONMENT ALARM; DISTRESS; SEPARATION; WARNING. | C02811 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 313 | CALVING (cattle) | Natural parturition in cattle. | C02902 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 315 | CAMPAGNE (horse) | Elementary dressage training, consisting of collection, neck arching, weight shifting on hindlegs, riding in a straight line, turning, and lateral movements. | C02906 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 317 | CANINE | A member of the family Canidae, or pertaining to dogs, coyotes, wolves, etc. | C02907 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 319 | CANNIBALISM | The practice of consuming the tissue of conspecifics. This term also is used colloquially for the killing or serious injury of conspecifics by biting or pecking. Compare: Kronism. | C02908 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 321 | CANTER | A naturally developed three-beat gait. The sequence of hoof beats, with the right foreleg as the leading leg, is left hind, right hind together with left fore, then right fore followed by complete suspension in the air. The diagonal pair changes with change of the leading leg. When taking a curve, the leading leg is the one on the inside of the curve. Compare: Disunited Canter; Counter Canter. | C02909 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 323 | CAPON | A castrated male chicken. | C02911 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 325 | CAPRILLIC | Referring to goats, particularly goat odor. | C02912 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 327 | CAPRIOLE (horse) | A dressage exercise of the Spanish High Riding School. The horse leaps into a ballotade, kicks powerfully with both hind legs to reach a horizontal level, then lands on all four hoofs simultaneously near the place the leap was initiated. | C02914 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 329 | CARE-GIVING BEHAVIOR | See Epimeletic Behavior. | C02919 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 331 | CARE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR | See Et-epimeletic Behavior. | C02920 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 333 | CARNIVOROUS | Pertaining to meat-eating species. | C02921 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 335 | CAST | To cause an animal to fall to the ground. Casting can be done physically or with drugs and can be used to restrain animals for certain types of examination or treatment. | C03001 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 337 | CASTRATION | Surgical removal of or rendering nonfunctional an animal's gonads. Also see specific castration-psychological. | C03005 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 339 | CATATONIA | Muscular rigidity that temporarily suppresses locomotion. Organisms in a catatonic state seem to be fully aware of their surroundings and able to visually monitor moving objects. Catatonia is considered the consequence of psychological disorder. | C03008 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 341 | CATTLE | Domesticated bovine animals. | C03011 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 343 | CAUDAL | Pertaining to or located in the direction of the posterior end of an animal's body. | C03013 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 345 | CENTER | The middle point of a body; a conglomerate of integrated neurons that fulfill specific perceptual functions (e.g., auditory, gustatory, olfactory, visual center) or control and coordinate specific activities (e.g., respiratory, thermoregulatory, vocalization, micturition, defecation, vomiting center). | C03018 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 347 | CEPHALO-, CEPHAL- | Pertaining to the head. | C03103 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 349 | CEREMONY | A synchronized display involving two or more individuals characterized by a standardized sequence of behavioral actions. Visual, auditory, and tactile modes of communication usually are part of ceremonies. Compare: Ritualized Behavior. | C03115 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 351 | CHAIN REFLEX | An uninterrupted sequence of reflexes activated by a specific stimulus. Each subsequent reflex is induced by its predecessor. | C03204 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 353 | CHAMPING | Repetitious, strong opening and closing action of the mouth which produces sounds when the teeth hit together. Champing in swine may be a threat signal, but also is performed by boars during courtship and mating. | C03205 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 355 | CHANT-DE-COEUR (swine) | See Courtship Grunts. | C03207 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 357 | CHARGING | A threatening lunge toward or attack on a human by an animal. Charging most commonly refers to an aggressive action of a stallion, bull, boar, or ram towards an attendant. | C03209 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 359 | CHESTNUT (horse) | A horn-like growth on the medial side of the leg. On the forelegs, chestnuts are located above the knee, on the hind legs, below the hocks. The term chestnut also may refer to horse coat color. | C03212 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 361 | CHEW | To masticate food or other substances. | C03213 | ORI | Swine | #1 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/C03213S.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/PIG.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1691 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 363 | CHEWING | See specific chewing - HAIR; SHAM. | C03214 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 365 | CHICK | A young chicken. | C03216 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 367 | CHIN PRESSING | Positioning of the chin on the dorsal area of a peer. Chin pressing is performed most frequently by bovine males during precopulatory behavior but also by estrus and periestrous cows. Chin pressing is usually oriented toward the withers and the rump. Chin pressing also may he performed as chin rubbing. | C03219 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 369 | CHIN RUBBING | See Chin Pressing. | C03220 | ORI | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/C03220B.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/BOVINE.JPG" align="top"></a> | Bovine | #1 | 1643 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 371 | CHIRRUP (swine) | A short vocalization sound (0.1 - 0.2 sec) of young piglets characterized by rapidly varying pitch. It occurs during the first two months of life. | C03221 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 373 | CHOICE | Selection from two or more alternatives. | C03301 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 375 | CHOICE POINT | A place in a discrimination apparatus where the organism is expected to choose the direction in which to proceed. | C03302 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 377 | CHUTE | A narrow passage designed to direct and regulate the movement of animals. Chutes are used to facilitate loading, unloading, medical treatment, weighing, inspection of animals, etc. | C03315 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 379 | CIRCADIAN | Referring to cyclic rhythmicity corresponding closely to a 24-hour interval. | C03318 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 381 | CIRCLE (horse) | A dressage maneuver in which the horse follows a circle larger than 6 m in diameter. | C03401 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 383 | CIRCLING | Any repeated circular locomotion. Circling may be stereotypic behavior or a symptom of a neural disease (e.g., meningoencephalitis, listeriosis, etc.). Circling can also be induced by conditioning. | C03402 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 385 | CIRCLING DISPLAY | Circular movement of sexual partners in a synchronized head-to-back position; considered to be a courtship activity. | C03403 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 387 | CLINCH POSITION | Body position of two fighting adversaries, characterized by mutual insertion of the head between the hind legs of the opponent. The clinch position occurs more frequently when the duration of the fight is long and is assumed to provide each animal with an opportunity to rest while in partial control of its opponent. | C03415 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 389 | CLINICAL BEHAVIOR | Behavior indicative of disease or injury. | C03417 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 391 | CLIQUE | A group within a group that operates as a cooperative unit to gain specific advantages for its members. The formation and exploitation of clique affiliation is occasionally called "pactive behavior." | C03418 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 393 | CLONUS | Rapid, successive contraction and relaxation of muscles. | C03420 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 395 | CLUTCH | A set of eggs laid on consecutive days. | C03502 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 397 | COAT MOUTHING | See Hair Chewing. | C03505 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 399 | COCK | A male chicken more than one year old. Synonym: Rooster. | C03508 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 401 | COCKEREL | A male chicken less than one year old. | C03509 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 403 | COGNITION | A process of perception, reasoning, and development of expectations. | C03510 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 405 | COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR | Behavior that results from a process of reasoning. | C03511 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 407 | COITAL LOCK | Powerful contraction of the vulva around the bulb of an inserted penis which temporarily prevents separation of copulating partners. Coital lock is common in copulating dogs. | C03515 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 409 | COITUS | Intromission of the penis into the vagina and per vaginal connection between male and female. Coitus facilitates natural transfer of ejaculated semen from the male reproductive tract to the female reproductive tract. | C03516 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 411 | COITUS INCOMPLETE, COITUS INTERRUPTUS | Coitus which is terminated before semen ejaculation. | C03517 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 413 | COLT | A young male horse. | C03610 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 415 | COMFORT BEHAVIOR | See Comfort Movement. | C03615 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 417 | COMFORT MOVEMENT | Any movement performed to temporarily relieve muscular tension or integumentary irritation (e.g., grooming, preening, scratching, wing flapping, shaking, stretching, etc.). | C03616 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 419 | COMPENSATION | Counterbalancing of a defect in body structure or in surroundings by behavioral adjustment or alternate behavior. | C03704 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 421 | COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR | Behavior manifested to render an animal effective, relative to other animals, in the acquisition of some resource (e.g., aggression, mating calls and displays, foraging strategy, territoriality). | C03706 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 423 | COMPROMISE BEHAVIOR | Behavior that is expressive of motivational conflict. The animal may manifest actions simultaneously that are indicative of different motivations, or may alternate quickly between actions consistent with different motivations. | C03714 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 425 | COMPULSION | An irresistible impulse or tendency to perform an act. | C03715 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 427 | COMPULSIVE MOVEMENT | A clinical term for stereotypic behavior, e.g. circling, body twisting, pressing against a wall or pulling on a halter. | C03716 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 429 | COMPULSIVE ROLLING | Serious disturbance of postural reflexes characterized by excessive wallowing on the ground and difficulty or inability to stand up. Compulsive rolling is an indicator of brain damage. | C03717 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 431 | CONCILIATORY BEHAVIOR | Behavior directed toward other organisms that tends to promote favorable social relationships. Subordination signals, greeting signals, and appeasement signals are the most common displays of greeting signals, and appeasement signals are the most common displays of conciliatory behavior. | C03805 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 433 | CONFLICT | A psychological state which occurs when an animal is simultaneously motivated to manifest two or more mutually incompatible responses (e.g., approach-approach conflict, when the organism has to make a choice between two or more attractive stimuli; approach-avoidance conflict when the organism is in a situation where attraction and aversion are inseparably linked with the stimulus; avoidance-avoidance conflict, when the organism has to make a choice between two or more aversive stimuli). Compromise or displacement behavior may occur when the conflicting motivations are equal in strength. | C03906 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 435 | CONGENITAL | Acquired during development prior to birth or hatching. | C03908 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 437 | CONNATE | Appearing at birth or shortly thereafter. | C03910 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 439 | CONSPECIFIC | Pertaining to individuals belonging to the same species. | C04004 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 441 | CONSUMMATORY ACT | An act by which an organism satisfies its interests. | C04007 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 443 | CONSUMMATORY BEHAVIOR | Behavior consisting of consummatory responses manifested during the consummatory phase of an operant behavioral cycle. | C04008 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 445 | CONTACTUAL BEHAVIOR | Behavior characterized by bodily contact. | C04014 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 447 | CONTAGIOUS BEHAVIOR | See Allelomimetic Behavior. | C04015 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 449 | CONVULSION | Violent muscular contractions affecting all or part of the body. Convulsions may be a symptom of encephalomyelitis, brain edema, tumor, epilepsy, lesion, or parasitic injury to the nervous system, or may be associated with hysteria, high fever, or parturition. | C04108 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 451 | COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR | Behavior by which two or more organisms work together to achieve a goal (e.g., coordination of behavior during mating, territorial defense, or feeding of offspring). | C04111 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 453 | COPULATION | See Coitus. | C04116 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 455 | COPULATION, FORCED | See Forced Copulation. | C04117 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 457 | COPULATORY BEHAVIOR | Behavioral actions directly involved in copulation. These include cooperative posture of a female and mounting, intromission, thrusting, ejaculation and dismounting of a male. Copulatory behavior is preceded by precopulatory behavior (e.g., search for sexual partner, courtship) and followed by postcopulatory behavior (e.g., grooming, resting,etc.). | C04118 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 459 | CORNERING | A behavioral phenomenon in which an organism cannot escape a threatening adversary without instigating an attack on the adversary. | C04202 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 461 | COSSET | A lamb raised without its dam. | C04212 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 463 | CORNEAL REFLEX | Rapid closure of the eyelids when the cornea is irritated. Also called blink reflex or lid reflex. | C04201 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 465 | COUGH REFLEX | A reflex mediated by the medulla oblongata through the vagus nerve, instigated by the presence of obstructing matter in, or irritation of, the respiratory pathways. Coughing is performed as one or several relatively powerful bursts of air expelled from the respiratory tract to remove the obstruction or alleviate the irritation. Repeated coughing when not engaged in eating may be an indication of respiratory disease. | C04303 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 467 | COUNTER CANTER (horse) | The counter canter occurs when the horse takes a right curve with the left foreleg being the leading leg, or vice versa. Compare: Canter. | C04304 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 469 | COUPLING (swine) | A term referring to mating in swine. | C04306 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 471 | COURBETTE (horse) | A dressage exercise of the Spanish High Riding School in which the horse makes several forward leaps in the Pessage posture. | C04307 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 473 | COURTSHIP | Specialized behavior patterns that occur as preliminaries to mating and contribute to the psychophysiological synchronization of breeding partners. | C04308 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 475 | COURTSHIP GRUNTS (swine) | Low frequency rhythmical sounds produced by mature boars when exposed to gilts or sows. Synonym: Chant-de-coeur. | C04310 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 477 | COVERING | Mating in horses. (colloquial term). | C04311 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 479 | COW | A bovine female after delivery of her first calf. | C04312 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 481 | COYNESS | A ritualized short distance flight of females manifested as part of precopulatory displays and which generally stimulates a following response by males. | C04313 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 483 | CRATE | A housing compartment that permits lying down and standing up but prevents the animal from turning around or leaving the crate. As a housing system, crates presently are used mainly in swine production units during parturition and nursing to minimize overlying of piglets (farrowing crates). Crates are also used to house veal calves (veal crate), and for examination, weighing, and transportation of animals. | C04402 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 485 | CRECHE | An aggregation of juvenile animals, typically birds, that have left their parental nests and band together. | C04405 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 487 | CRIBBING | Frequent biting on boards, pipes, and other structural materials used for confinement of animals, assumed to be indicative of boredom, pain, or nutritional deficiency. In horses, the term cribbing also refers to swallowing of air through the open mouth when biting on an object (also called crib biting or wind sucking). | C04410 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 489 | CROSS-FIRING (horse) | Defective leg action occurring in pacers when the hoof of the hind-leg hits the fore-leg on the opposite side of the body. | C04503 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 491 | CROSS-SUCKING | Sucking performed by young, preweaned mammals but directed towards the mammary of a lactating female other than their own dam. | C04505 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 493 | CROUCHING | Lowering of the body by bending the legs. | C04506 | ORI | Swine | #1 | <a href="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFABVideo/C04506S.mpg"><img src="http://www.liru.asft.ttu.edu/EFAB/Images/PIG.JPG" align="top"></a> | 1691 KB | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 495 | CROUCH, SEXUAL | See Sexual Crouch. | C04507 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 497 | CROUPADE (horse) | A dressage exercise of the Spanish High Riding School Performed as a vertical leap from the Pessage position. While off the ground, the horse folds its forelegs and draws up its hind legs before landing simultaneously on all fours at the same spot from which it leaped. | C04508 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 499 | CROUP PRESENTATION | Fetal presentation when the posterior part of the body enters the birth canal while all legs are folded below the body of the fetus. | C04509 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 501 | CROWDING | An unusually high spatial density of animals which may cause discomfort to some or all animals in the group, but not serious deprivation or injury. Reduced individual distance zones, for the most part, still can be maintained, and all animals are able to rest at the same time, stand up and lie down freely, extend their limbs without interference, and have adequate opportunity for eating and drinking. Compare: Overcrowding. | C04510 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 503 | CROWING (chicken) | A type of vocalization produced by males which has frequency oscillations of relatively wide amplitude, distinct breaks and a duration of approximately two seconds. It is assumed that crowing has a territorial and sexual function, and its frequency of occurrence bears a positive relation to social status in the flock. Crowing commences after six weeks of age. | C04512 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 505 | CRURAL | Pertaining to the leg or thigh. | C04513 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 507 | CRYPTIC BEHAVIOR | Any behavior that appears to be performed for the purpose of minimizing conspicuousness of an organism. | C04514 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 509 | CRYPTORCHID | A male whose testes fail to descend into the scrotum. | C04516 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 511 | CUD | A bolus of regurgitated feed to be remasticated and swallowed again. | C04517 | ORI | Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. |