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RUNT - An individual that is small and underdeveloped in comparison with litter mates or peers of equal age. R15807. |
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SADDLE GROOMING - Allogrooming of the saddle region conducted mutually by two animals. S15808. |
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SAND-BATHING - See Dust-bathing. S15811. |
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SANGUINE - Having an alert and confident temperament. The term is derived from classical categorization of human character types. S15812. |
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SATIETY - A state of complete satisfaction of a given desire. S15902. |
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SATISFIER - Any stimulus or experience that meets a need or desire. S15903. |
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SATURATION - An attribute of color, referring to the intensity of hue. S15904. |
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SAVAGING - Destructive behavior that causes serious injury or death of other organisms. This term is commonly used in reference to biting of neonatal piglets by their dam. Compare: Overlying. S15905. |
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SCALPING (horse) - Defective leg action in which the hoof of the hindleg hits the coronet of the foreleg. S15908. |
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SCENT MARKING - Olfactory markings that delineate territory, designate trails, or attract sexual partners. S15909. |
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SCHEDULE-INDUCED BEHAVIOR - Activity of an organism that is causally linked to a reinforcement schedule imposed on the organism. Schedule-induced behavior may be manifested during or between the intervals in which reinforcement is applied. S15910. |
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SCHOOLING - The formation and maintenance of socially coordinated groups in fishes. Occasionally this term also refers to training assistance provided by parents or guardians (e.g. "obedience training"). S15912. |
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SCOUR, PIGLET - See Colibacillosis. S15918. |
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SCOUR, WHITE; - See Colibacillosis. S15919. |
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SCOURING (horses) - Outbursts of undesirable activities during training session or work. (colloquial term) S15920. |
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SCOURS - Prolonged diarrhea in animals. S15921. |
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SCRAPIE (sheep) - A clinical term for a contagious, fatal, ovine spongiform encephalopathy. Symptoms include pruritus and muscular
incoordination. S15923. |
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SCRATCHING - Any repeated or rhythmical rubbing action against objects in the surroundings (e.g., wall, ground surface, etc.) or rubbing action between two parts of an animal's own body (e.g., foot against neck). Also see specific scratching - HEAD. S16001. |
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SCRATCH REFLEX - A reflexive response to itching irritation of the integument. This reflex occurs in two stages involving specific location of the irritating stimulus, and application of abrasive force to it by means of some oscillating body movement. S16002. |
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SCROTUM SUCKING - Sucking of the scrotum of other individuals. Scrotum sucking may occur in young, group-housed animals and may cause abrasion and infection. S16003. |
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SEARCH - Goal-oriented investigation. S16004. |
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SEASON - Estrus. (colloquial term) S16006. |
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SEDATION - Reduced excitability. Also, the process of reducing excitability, (e.g., by treatment with a native). S16101. |
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SEE - To perceive stimuli through the visual sense mode. S16104. |
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SEGREGATION - See Social Segregation. S16106. |
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SEIZURE - See Convulsion. S16107. |
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SELECTIVE ATTENTION - A tendency to be more attentive to a particular stimulus (or type of stimulus) than to other stimuli present at the same time. S16109. |
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SELF-AWARENESS - A state of being cognizant of one's own existence, and thus aware of one's own action and place in the environment. S16111. |
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SELF-FEEDING SYSTEM - A feeding system that permits ad libitum feed intake by individual animals whenever feed is available. S16112. |
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SELF-FELATOR - Oral self-stimulation of the penis. It occurs frequently in the Canidae and Felidae families. S16113. |
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SELF-GROOMING - See Grooming. S16114. |
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SELF-LICKING - See Licking. S16115. |
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SEMANTIC COLOR - A color which has specific social meaning. S16116. |
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SEMILATERAL RECUMBENCY - Lying during which the posterior part of the body is in lateral contact with the ground while the thorax contacts the ground only in the sternal area with forelegs folded to each side or one or may be folded or extended. Semilateral recumbency is very cummon in may be folded or extended. Semilateral recumbency is very common in four-legged farm species. If rumination is conducted while lying, it is done o in lateral recumbency. S16118. |
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SENSATION - Any experience resulting from stimulation of sensory receptors sensory nerves or sensory areas in the brain. In a biophysical context, sensation often refers to a basic element of excitation theoretically independent of learning, motivation, or social circumstances. S16203. |
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SENSE ORGAN - A body structure that facilitates reception of stimuli by sensory neurons (e.g., ear, eye). S16207. |
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SENSES - The total array of sense modes of an organism. S16208. |
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SENSITIVE PERIOD - See Critical Period. S16209. |
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SENSITIVITY - The capacity to respond to a given stimulus. For example, an organism with normal hearing is sensitive to sound waves; a deaf organism is not Also see specific sensitivity - ABSOLUTE; LIMINAL; TERMINAL. S16210. |
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SENSORY DISCRIMINATION - The process or ability to recognize differences between stimuli. S16216. |
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SENTIENCE - Capacity for sensing or feeling. In the context of behavior, sentience may refer to capability of self-awareness and emotion. S16301. |
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SENTINEL BEHAVIOR - Sensory focussing of a guarding animal(s) beyond the periphery of its group, apparently to detect predators or territorial incursions by neighboring groups. S16302. |
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SEPARATION CALL - A call produced when an individual is removed from its a vocalization is thought to be an attempt to re-establish communication a vocalization is thought to be an attempt to re-establish communication and, ultimately, contact with peers, S16304. |
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SEQUENCE, BEHAVIORAL - See Behavioral Sequence. S16305. |
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SEQUESTRATION CALLS - Warning calls broadcasted to keep others from approaching too closely to an individual distance zone, guarded young, or guarded territory. S16306. |
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SERPENTINE (horse) - A dressage maneuver in which the horse starts at the middle of one short side of the arena and travels along a path having wide oscillations from one longitudinal side to the other, ending at the middle of the opposite short side of the arena S16308. |
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SERVICE - Insemination. S16309. |
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SERVING - Mating in cattle and goats. S16310. |
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SETTING HEN - A broody hen incubating eggs S16312. |
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SEX - Binomial classification of organisms (i.e., female or male) according to characteristic morphology and behavior, chromosomal array, or gamete type produced. S16313. |
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SEX-INFLUENCED - Refers to characteristics having a greater tendency to occur in one sex than in the other because the genes underlying such characteristics are dominant in one sex and recessive in the other. S16316. |
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SEX-LIMITED - Refers to characteristics affecting only individuals of one sex. S16317. |
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SEX-LINKED - Referring to characteristics controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes. S16318. |
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SEXUAL AGGRESSION - Aggression displayed toward a conspecific of the same sex during competition for a sexual partner or aggression displayed toward a partner during sexual interaction. S16319. |
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SEXUAL BEHAVIOR - Activities related to sexual sensation, sexual arousal, and sexual gratification. S16401. |
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SEXUAL BIMATURISM - A phenomenon in which males and females of a given species or breed differ in the age of sexual maturity. S16402. |
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SEXUAL CROUCH (poultry) - Cooperative posture of a female to facilitate mounting by a sexual partner. Sexual crouch is performed as bending and partial spreading of legs, lowering of the body, mild relaxation of the wings, and exposure of the cloaca. S16405. |
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SEXUAL LICKING - See Licking. S16406. |
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SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY - Willingness of a female to engage in mating interaction with a sexual partner. The period of sexual receptivity in farm animals occurs typically during estrus. Reliable behavioral signs of sexual receptivity are display of cooperative postures and standing while mounted. S16408. |
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SHAKING - An apparently voluntarily induced short period of rapid spasms of the muscles that control the integument. Shaking is commonly performed after dust-bathing, rolling on the ground, or when the coat becomes wet. S16411. |
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SHAM CHEWING - Chewing actions performed without the presence of food in the oral cavity. If performed excessively, sham chewing may be accompanied by hypersalivation. Sham chewing occurs most frequently in confined pigs feed a highly concentrated diet and is considered to be a vacuum activity S16414. |
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SHAM DUST BATHING - Dust bathing activity performed without the presence of litter material or other manipulable floor substrate (e.g., on plastic or wire floors). Sham dust bathing is considered to be a vacuum activity. S16415. |
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SHAM RUMINATION - Display of mandibular movements typical of rumination without presence of feed in the mouth. Sham rumination is a vacuum activity manifested by ruminants whose diet is lacking in roughage. S16416. |
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SHEARING - Artificial removal of fleece from the body of a sheep or any other wool-producing animal. S16501. |
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SHELTER-SEEKING BEHAVIOR - Any action indicating a tendency to seek out environmental conditions that provide protection against danger or discomfort. S16503. |
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SHIN HITTING (horse) - Defective leg action in which the hoof of the foreleg hits the canon or shin of the hindleg. S16504. |
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SHIVERING - Rapid clonic spasms that prevent or reduce hypothermia by generating body heat. Shivering also can be a reaction to extreme fear or excitement S16505. |
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SHOCK - The act of causing or the state of experiencing a sudden and extreme physical, physiological, or psychological disturbance resulting in partial or complete incapacitation. S16506. |
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SHOULDER - The area around the scapula bone. S16510. |
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SHOULDER-IN (horse) - A dressage maneuver in which the horse moves forward, with its body slightly bent around the right leg of the rider. The horse's head should point to the right of the direction of movement. S16511. |
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SHOVEL BEAK (chicken) - A tongue deformity that causes feeding difficulty. The occurrence of this deformity is higher in chickens fed on an all-mash diet (colloquial term). S16512. |
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SHRIEK (chicken) - A high-amplitude vocalization, akin to the PEEP, produced by a chick experiencing intense discomfort or fear. S16513. |
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SHY BREEDER - Mature animals of either sex that have very low reproductive success. S16514. |
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SHYING (horse) - Spontaneous and often unpredictable backward and sideways movements indicative of startlement. A symptom of an excitable and inexperienced horse. S16515. |
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SIBLINGS - Organisms that have one or both parents in common. S16601. |
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SIB TESTING - A method used to assess breeding value of individuals by statistical analysis and evaluation of the performance of their siblings. S16602. |
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SIFTING (ducks, geese) - A form of feed intake by water fowl in shallow water, characterized by straining water through the beak S16606. |
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SIGHT - Vision. Also, the characteristics of a particular visual image, or to obtain such an image. S16607. |
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SIGHT AVERSION - A phenomenon similar to taste aversion except that the relevant stimuli by which the food to be avoided is identified are visual in nature. Birds such as chickens and pigeons can learn aversions quickly to the sight of food. Compare: Taste Aversion. S16608. |
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SIGNAL - Any visual, tactile, auditory, chemical, or other sign emitted to convey information. Signals may be transmitted between organisms, or between systems within organisms. See Expression and specific signal - ALARM; APPEASEMENT; ATTRACTION; BROADCAST; COMPOSITE; DIRECTED; DISCRETE; DISTRESS; DOMINANCE; GRADED; GREETING; REPULSION: SOCIAL STATUS; STATUS; SUBORDINATION; THREAT; WARNING. S16609. |
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SIGN STIMULUS - The stimulus in an array of simultaneous stimuli that consistently evokes a specific response. This term usually is applied to stimuli that activate instinctive behavior. S16611. |
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SILENT ESTRUS - Estrus not accompanied by behavioral symptoms of estrus. S16612. |
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SILENT HEAT - See Silent Estrus. S16613. |
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SINGING (chicken) - Low frequency sounds of uneven duration produced by mature hens. Singing is assumed to be associated with contentment and satiation. |
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SINGLE FOOT - See Rack. S16617. |
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SINISTRAL - Pertaining to the left side of the body. Antonym: Dextral. S16618. |
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SITTING - Body position in which the posterior of the body trunk is in contact with the ground and supports most of the body weight. Also see specific sitting - MOTIONLESS. S16702. |
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SKILL - Aptitude in the performance of behavior. S16704. |
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SKIMMING - A short period of running on the water and vigorous napping of e wings by some species of waterfowl prior to take-off from water surfaces. S16705. |
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SKIN PINCH - Grasping of a fold of skin of an animal (generally on the neck) to control its attention and thus facilitate handling ease. S16707. |
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SLEEP - A state of bodily rest manifested by inhibition of voluntary activities and partial suspension of consciousness. Also see specific sleep--REM; SW. S16708. |
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SLIP (poultry) - An incompletely castrated male. (colloquial term) S16710. |
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SLIPPER CLAW - An overgrown claw causing walking difficulty, particularly on slippery surfaces. (colloquial term) S16711. |
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SLIPPING, HALTER - See Halter Slipping. S16712. |
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SLOW GAIT (horse) - An artificially attained four-beat gait performed by five-gaited horses. Both legs on one side of the body are lifted simultaneously but, due to the high action of the foreleg, the hindhoof hits the ground slightly earlier, resulting in two distinct intervals between beats. Synonym: Stepping Pace. S16713. |
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SNAP - A sudden, quick, and usually noisy biting action. S16715. |
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SNARE - A simple device, used mostly for brief restraint of pigs, consisting of a loop made of strong rope or smooth cable which can be retracted through a pipe and thus tightened around a pig's snout. S16716. |
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SNATCH - A sudden, quick grasping and holding of objects with the mouth. S16717. |
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SNEEZING - A sudden, powerful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth induced as a reflex spasm. Compare: Nasal Reflex. S16718. |
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SNIFFING - A series of brief inhalations of air occurring during olfactory investigation. S16719. |
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SNORT (horse) - A medium to high amplitude, rapidly pulsed sound of short duration (0.5 - 0.75 sec) produced with the mouth closed by powerfully blowing air through the nostrils, which vibrate strongly. It often is emitted during olfactory investigation, immediately after a startling experience or during a work-out under saddle or when pulling, characteristically at the beginning of a new task Snorts generally are more frequent in young horses. S16720. |
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SNORT (sheep) - A medium amplitude sound of very short duration (0.2 - 0.5 sec) produced with a closed mouth. Snorts often are emitted by startled animals S16801. |
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SOCIABILITY - Tendency to seek and maintain the company of peers. This term sometimes is used to refer to an animal's attachment to humans. S16802. |
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SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE - A positive or at least neutral attitude toward other individuals or groups. S16803. |
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SOCIAL BEHAVIOR - Activities directed toward and influenced by other members of a social unit. S16807. |
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SOCIAL DISTANCE - The distance that two or more individuals or groups maintain between themselves. This distance generally will fall within a certain range determined by the combined effects of cohesive and dispersive social forces characteristic of the species involved, as well as by the given environmental circumstances. S16810. |
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SOCIAL FACILITATION - A phenomenon in which the behavior of an animal reflectively increases the occurrence of the same behavior among its social partners. S16814. |
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