Laboratory 8

 

Title: Cardiovascular and Renal Function

 

Objectives:

To demonstrate cardiovascular function on an anesthetized pig by administering epinephrine (i.v.).

 

To demonstrate renal function by administering a hypotonic solution or a hypertonic solution (i.v.) and measuring amount/concentration.

 

To determine i.c.v. canula placement by necropsy.

 

Materials/Methods:

 

  1. At 2:30 one pig will be anesthetized and prepared for surgery on the surgical table.
  2. A new catheter will be placed in the vein.
  3. After monitoring baseline levels of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and rectal temperature, epinephrine (0.2mg/kg) will be administered.
  4. Then heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate will be recorded during and after the treatment.

 

  1. After the cardiovascular demonstration, the same pig will be used for the renal demonstration.
  2. All of the urine in the bladder will be removed by syringe and needle.  The volume will be measured.
  3. Using the assay strip, the baseline levels of pH, glucose, and other measures will be recorded.
  4. Then, either a 400 mL hypertonic solution (4 x PBS for pig #1), or 400 mL hypotonic (distilled water for pig#2) will be administered.
  5. After 15 minutes, urine will be collected, the volume measures, and the assay strips will be used to assess pH, glucose and other measures.
  6. Once all of the data is finalized, the pig will be humanely euthanized by an overdose of buthanasia.
  7. A necropsy will be performed.
  8. First, 3 mL of hemotoxylin will be injected into the i.c.v. canula.
  9. The cannula and dental cement cap will be removed using a chisel and hammer, and observed for any signs of infection.
  10. The head is excised, and a midsaggital section will be performed
  11. The tissue and membranes are pulled away from the bone.
  12. Take a picture of both halves, and observe if the dye circulated through the ventricles. If the cannulation was successful, then the blue dye should have formed around the thalamus. 
  13. Also, check the site where the first catheter was placed for infection.
  14. Without removing the new catheter, open the upper body cavity, locate the heart, and record where the catheter ended.
  15. Also, observe and note the kidneys and bladder.
  16. All parts will be put in the black trash bag. Use the hose to clean-up the post-op room and the bleeding stand. Record all data before you leave.

 

Questions:

 

What is the function of each measure in the assay strip?

 

 

How did they change from baseline with: hypertonic saline and hypotonic water?

 

 

How did heart rate change with epinephrine?

 

 

How did heart rate change when hypertonic saline or hypotonic water were given?