Community legislation in force

• Council Directive 91/630/EEC of 19 November 1991 laying down minimum standards fo the protection of pigs
• Council Directive 2001/88/EC of 23 October 2001 amending Directive 91/630/EEC laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs
• Commission Directive 2001/93/EC of 9 November 2001 amending Directive 91/630/EEC laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs.

INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO PRODUCTION

1. pig : an animal of the porcine species, of any age, kept for breeding or fattening;
2. boar : a male pig after puberty, intended for breeding;
3. gilt : a female pig after puberty and before farrowing;
4. sow : a female pig after the first farrowing;
5. farrowing sow : a female pig between the perinatal period and the weaning of the piglets;
6. dry pregnant sow : a sow between weaning her piglets and the perinatal period;
7. piglet : a pig from birth to weaning;
8. weaner : a pig from weaning to the age of ten weeks;
9. rearing pig : a pig from ten weeks to slaughter or service;
10. competent authority : a competent authority within the meaning of Article 2 (6), of Directive 90/425/EEC (6).

1. the unobstructed floor area available to each weaner or rearing pig kept in a group, excluding gilts after service and sows, must meet the requirement in the table on the right:
   
   
2. the total unobstructed floor area available to each gilt after service and to each sow when gilts and/or sows are kept in groups must be at least 1,64 sq.m. and 2,25 sq.m. respectively. When these animals are kept in groups of less than 6 individuals the unobstructed floor area must be increased by 10 %. When these animals are kept in groups of 40 or more individuals the unobstructed floor area may be decreased by 10 %

1. for gilts after service and pregnant sows: a part of the area required in 1(b), equal to at least 0,95 sq.m. per gilt and at least 1.3 sq.m. per sow, must be of continuous solid floor of which a maximum of 15 % is reserved for drainage openings;
2. when concrete slatted floors are used for pigs kept in groups:
   1. the maximum width of the openings must be:
      - 11 mm for piglets,
      - 14 mm for weaners,
      - 18 mm for rearing pigs,
      - 20 mm for gilts after service and sows;
      
   2. the minimum slat width must be:
      - 50 mm for piglets and weaners, and
      - 80 mm for rearing pigs, gilts after service and sows;

1. Sows and gilts shall be kept in groups during a period starting from 4 weeks after the service to 1 week before the expected time of farrowing. The pen where the group is kept must have sides greater than 2,8 m in length. When less than 6 individuals are kept in a group the pen where the group is kept must have sides greater than 2,4 m in length;
2. By way of derogation from the provisions of (a), sows and gilts raised on holdings of fewer than 10 sows may be kept individually during the period mentioned in (a), provided that they can turn around easily in their boxes;

ANNEX (2001/93/EC)

1. In the part of the building where pigs are kept continuous noise levels as loud as 85 dBA shall be avoided. Constant or sudden noise shall be avoided.
2. Pigs must be kept in light with an intensity of at least 40 lux for a minimum period of minimum eight hours per day.
3. The accommodation for pigs must be constructed in such a way as to allow the animals to:
   • have access to a lying area physically and thermally comfortable as well as adequately drained and clean which allow all the animals to lie at the same time,
   • rest and get up normally,
   • see other pigs; however, in the week before the expected farrowing time and during farrowing, sows and gilts can be kept out of the sight of conspecifics.
4. Not withstanding Article 3(5), pigs must have permanent access to a sufficient quantity of material to enable proper investigation and manipulation activities, such as straw, hay, wood, sawdust, mushroom compost, peat or a mixture of such, which does not compromise the health of the animals.
5. Floors must be smooth but not slippery so as to prevent injury to the pigs and so designed, constructed and maintained so as not to cause injury or suffering to pigs. They must be suitable for the size and weight of the pigs and, if no litter is provided, form a rigid, even and stable surface.
6. All pigs must be fed at least once a day. Where pigs are fed in groups and not ad libitum or by an automatic system feeding the animals individually, each pig must have access to the food at the same time as the others in the group.
7. All pigs over two weeks of age must have permanent access to a sufficient quantity of fresh water.
8. All procedures intended as an intervention carried out for other than therapeutic or diagnostic purposes or for the identification of the pigs in accordance with relevant legislation and resulting in damage to or the loss of a sensitive part of the body or the alteration of bone structure shall be prohibited with the following exceptions:
   • a uniform reduction of corner teeth of piglets by grinding or clipping not later than the seventh day of life of the piglets leaving an intact smooth surface; boars' tusks may be reduced in length where necessary to prevent injuries to other animals or for safety reasons,
     
   • docking of a part of the tail,
     
   • castration of male pigs by other means than tearing of tissues,
     
   • nose ringing only when the animals are kept in outdoor husbandry systems and in compliance with national legislation.
   
   Neither tail docking nor reduction of corner teeth must be carried out routinely but only where there is evidence that injuries to sows' teats or to other pigs' ears or tails have occurred. Before carrying out these procedures, other measures shall be taken to prevent tail biting and other vices taking into account environment and stocking densities. For this reason inadequate environmental conditions or management systems must be changed.
   
   Any of the procedures described above shall only be carried out by a veterinarian or a person trained as provided in Article 5 of this Directive experienced in performing the applied techniques with appropriate means and under hygienic conditions. If castration or docking of tails is practised after seventh day of life, it shall only be performed under anaesthetic and additional prolonged analgesia by a veterinarian.

1. Measures shall be taken to minimise aggression in groups.
2. Pregnant sows and gilts must, if necessary, be treated against external and internal parasites. If they are placed in farrowing crates, pregnant sows and gilts must be thoroughly cleaned.
3. In the week before the expected farrowing time sows and gilts must be given suitable nesting material in sufficient quantity unless it is not technically feasible for the slurry system used in the establishment.
4. An unobstructed area behind the sow or gilt must be available for the ease of natural or assisted farrowing.
5. Farrowing pens where sows are kept loose must have some means of protecting the piglets, such as farrowing rails.

1. A part of the total floor, sufficient to allow the animal to rest together at the same time, must be solid or covered with a mat, or be littered with straw or any other suitable material.
2. Where a farrowing crate is used, the piglets must have sufficient space to be able to be suckled without difficulty.
3. No piglets shall be weaned from the sow at less than 28 days of age unless the welfare or health of the dam or the piglet would otherwise be adversely affected. However, piglets may be weaned up to seven days earlier if they are moved into specialised housings which are emptied and thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before the introduction of a new group and which are separated from housings where sows are kept, in order to minimise the transmission of diseases to the piglets.

1. When pigs are kept in groups measures must be taken to prevent fighting which goes beyond normal behaviour.
2. They should be kept in groups with as little mixing as possible. If pigs unfamiliar with one another have to be mixed, this should be done at as young an age as possible, preferably before or up to one week after weaning. When pigs are mixed they shall be provided with adequate opportunities to escape and hide from other pigs.
3. When signs of severe fighting appear the causes shall be immediately investigated and appropriate measures taken such as providing plentiful straw to the animals, if possible, or other materials for investigation. Animals at risk or particular aggressors shall be kept separate from the group.
4. The use of tranquillising medicaments in order to facilitate mixing shall be limited to exceptional conditions and only after consultation with a veterinarian.

OTHER INFORMATION DETAILED IN THE DIRECTIVE(S)