Friday, March 28th

11:00-3:00 Registration

12:30 Greetings

Dr. Frank Durso, Conference Chair	Dr. John Burns, Associate Vice President for Undergraduate Research

1:00-2:00 Paper session I (Moderator: Maryum Shaheed, Experimental Graduate Program, Texas Tech University)

1:00-1:20 Effects of Exemplar and Language Change on Priming of Picture Naming in Bilinguals NUVIA I. CORRAL, University of Texas at El Paso (Faculty Sponsor: WENDY S. FRANCIS, University of Texas at El Paso) An experiment with Spanish-English bilinguals examined components of repetition priming in picture naming. Practice of the picture identification component was reduced by changing the exemplar from study to test, and word retrieval practice was reduced by changing the language. Both manipulations reduced priming in both languages. For word retrieval this reduction was stronger when responding in the non-dominant language but for picture identification the reduction was similar for the two languages.

1:20-1:40 Serial Position Effects in Auditory Recognition Depend On Retention Interval HEIDI MAGNER, University of Texas at Dallas (Faculty Sponser: DR. W. JAY DOWLING, University of Texas at Dallas) Primacy and recency effects were previously interpreted as implicating rehearsal mechanisms. Recent research with nonhumans challenges those theories: on immediate test, auditory memory shows a primacy effect. Here listeners heard 3-item auditory lists followed by recognition test. Results showed only recency effects. Surprisingly, target vs. similar-lure discrimination declined with delay, whereas target vs. different-lure improved, suggesting that listeners use different features and strategies in the two tasks.

1:40-2:00 Learning from Text: The Effect of Systematicity and Text Coherence on Comprehension. LINDSAY STEWART, JOHN MCCORVY, & DARREN JONES, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: ROMAN TARABAN, Texas Tech University) This study investigates the role of categorization processes in acquiring knowledge from text passages comparable to SAT comprehension passages. This task was manipulated through four levels of systematicity, and separately, through two levels of paragraph-level coherence. Presenting materials arranged in implicit categories with high levels of systematicity and equally high levels of coherence is predicted to show higher levels of comprehension than those lower in either of the two and those lower in both.

2:15-3:30 Poster Session I

Relation of Self Report (Subjective) Measures to Objective Measures Concerning Bilingualism DAVID CARDENAS, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: RUTH MAKI, Texas Tech University) We investigated the relationship between objective and subjective measures of bilingualism. We questioned the subjects about their Spanish ability, gave them 10 Spanish texts to read, followed by a word/nonword lexical decision task (1/2 recieved the Enlgish portion first, the other 1/2 got the Spanish portion first). The strongest correlation was between the Spanish Text correct and how well they said they read Spanish, if Spanish was their first language, and how many years they had spoken Spanish.

Attitude Differences Toward Parenting Practices: A College Sample TAMARA D. DEMPSEY, ARTURO T. CORRALES, KIMBERLY D. REAGAN, & ELIZABETH S. IBANEZ, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: JOAQUIN BORREGO, JR., Texas Tech University) The current study examined the acceptability of parenting practices between Caucasians, Hispanics, and African-Americans. Participants consisted of undergraduate students who completed a demographic questionnaire and the Parenting Discipline Practices (PDP) survey, which consisted of 20 items rating individual acceptability to various disciplinary practices. Eleven of these items measured corporal punishment practices (e.g. spanking) and 9 items measured non-coercive disciplinary practices (e.g. reasoning).

Stereotype Threat in Average People TARA GOOCH, TABITHA SMITH, NISHA DICKSON, & FAYNE SAWATZKY, Southwestern Oklahoma State University (Faculty sponsor: STEPHEN BURGESS, Southwestern Oklahoma State University) Stereotype threat is a partial explanation for why fewer women enter math-related careers. However, research examining stereotype threat and women's math performance has been primarily conducted using high achieving females at prestigious universities. We examined the effect in average students at a regional university. No stereotype threat effects were observed in any condition. The types of tasks and populations where stereotype threat may be demonstrated and its generalization to educational settings will be discussed.

A Correlational Study of Risky Behavior and Risky Sexual Behavior CATHERINE F. HALL, SARAH M. KIDD, AARON M. PEREZ, & ELIZABETH K. REUTER, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: FRANCIS DURSO, Texas Tech University) In our correlational study, forty participants completed a thirty-question survey evaluating their level of risk-taking behavior and their level of sexual risk-taking behavior. The level of sexual risk-taking was assessed based on questions related to sexual history and experience. General risk-taking was determined by the number of times the participant was willing to play a lottery with a rare but highly negative consequence. We will discuss whether high-risk behavior is predictable from general risk-taking.

Eroticism Shifts in the Incarcerated Male Sex Offender WARREN PONDER & J. TRAVIS GARLAND, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: ROBERT MORGAN, Texas Tech University) Although general population inmate’s interests in sexuality has been shown to increase across the length of incarceration, no studies to date have determined whether or not this pattern exists in the male sex offender. The present study examined the level of eroticism of sex offenders and non-sex offenders over their current length of incarceration. Results revealed that non-sex offenders were significantly higher than sex offenders on level of eroticism over their current length of incarceration.

The Effects of Gender and Extraversion on Smoking KIMBERLY A. RUTHARDT, KEITH M. RIVERS, & JESSICA D. SMITH, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: LEE COHEN, Texas Tech University) This study proposes that extroversion and male gender will combine to predict a greater consumption of cigarettes than extroversion and female gender. Results indicated that there was no main effect of extrversion or gender and there was no significant interaction between gender and extraversion in the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The present study utilized a single item to assess extrversion. Future studies should examine this question with more comprehensive measures.

Effects of Process Practiced and Delay on Priming in Picture Naming SILVIA P. SAENZ, University of Texas at El Paso (Faculty Sponsor: WENDY S. FRANCIS, University of Texas at El Paso) A repetition priming experiment with Spanish-English bilinguals examined priming of picture naming as a function of process practiced and retention interval. Different-language picture naming was used to prime picture identification processes, while translation was used to prime word retrieval. Repetition priming was substantial both immediately and after a delay of one week, indicating that both components contribute to the durability of repetition priming across a one-week delay.

The Media’s Relationship to Self-Image in College Students BRITTNEY E. SCHRICK, BROOKE CINK, & KYLA KAUFMAN, Southwestern Oklahoma State University (Faculty Sponsor: MELINDA C.R. BURGESS, Southwestern Oklahoma State University) The average woman on television and in movies and magazines is nowhere near the size of an average woman in the real world, yet we see these unrealistic images everywhere. We investigated whether these images effect the self-esteem of college women and what men and women think of these images and how they feel when viewing popular media containing unrealistic female images.

3:30 Break Refreshments (Matador Lounge)

4:00-5:30 Invited Address In search of King Solomon's Ring: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots Dr. Irene Pepperberg, Masschusetts Institute of Technology (Moderator: Bill Maki, Texas Tech University)

7:00 Transportation to conference dinner

7:30 Cagle's Steak House

Saturday, March 29th

8:00-10:00 Registration

8:00-9:15 Panel Discussion "Secrets" of Applying to Psychology Graduate Programs (Moderator: Frank Durso, Texas Tech University) Stephen Burgess, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Joaquin Borrego Jr., Texas Tech University Carmela Gottesman, University of Oklahoma Dick McGlynn, Texas Tech University

9:30-10:30 Paper Session II ( Moderator: Sadie Emery, Clinical Graduate Program, Texas Tech University)

9:30-9:50 Characteristics of Layout Representations ALICIA O. BURRIS & CARMELA V. GOTTESMAN, University of Oklahoma (Faculty Sponsor: CARMELA V. GOTTESMAN, University of Oklahoma) Two experiments examined layout representations’ sensitivity to view expanse and view angle. In both experiments participants saw a prime, a target containing 2 spots, and were asked to determine the closest spot. Primes in the first experiment included: same view, closer-up view, and wider-angle view. Facilitation occurred for all primes, but was smaller for close-ups. Primes in the second experiment included 0°, 30°, 60°, or 90° view angles. Facilitation occurred only for small angle differences.

9:50-10:10 Repetition Priming Components in Picture Naming MARY L. JONES, University of Texas at El Paso (Faculty Sponsor: WENDY S. FRANCIS, University of Texas at El Paso) Two parallel experiments in English and Spanish examined repetition priming in different components of picture naming. Picture categorization was used to prime picture identification processes, and naming a different exemplar was used to prime word retrieval processes. Both tasks elicited priming in picture naming, and these effects were independent, suggesting that picture identification and word retrieval components of picture naming are independent and sequential.

10:10-10:30 Iconic Memory Effects on Object Substitution Masking MICHAEL W. MEBANE, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: WILLIAM S. MAKI, Texas Tech University) Object substitution occurs when four small dots surrounding a visual target drastically impair identification of the target when the dots remain visible after the target disappears. Previous studies show the mask does not have to be over the target to mask the target. Our results show that when the mask is not presented over the target, a large number of the errors come from the letter under the mask, suggesting a reinterpretation of previous studies.

10:30-11:45 Poster session II

Temporal Dynamics of Attentional Competition between Targets and Salient Distractors CHRIS T. ALEXANDER, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: WILLIAM S. MAKI, Texas Tech University) We aimed to define the time course of the attentional blink. Our subjects viewed black false font strings presented by RSVP. In both experiments, the target led the distractor (lags -6 to -1) and the distractor led the target (lags 1 to 6). When the distractor preceded the target, we observed the typical AB effect. In contrast, when the target led the distractor at lags -6 through -2, there was no sign of AB. This is consistent with recent characterization of attention as initially labile.

Using Linguistic Analysis to Predict Distributed Group Performance EMILY BEADLES, JENNIFER BATKA, WENDY BARKER, & LUCY ZHDANOVA, Cameron University (Faculty Sponsor:MARY DZINDOLET, Cameron University) Pennebaker (2001) and his colleagues have found that the language one chooses to use in conversation (and solitary writing) is related to several factors. Extending this work to group dynamics, Dzindolet and Purcell (2001) found the more ad-hoc group members used the first person singular pronouns (I, me), the fewer the number of ideas they generated on a brainstorming task. In this study, we examined the relationship among word use and performance among distributed groups.

The Detrimental Effects of Solo Status on Women's Problem Solving Abilities KATRINA E. BEDELL, Southwestern Oklahoma State University (Faculty Sponsor: MELINDA C.R. BURGESS, Southwestern Oklahoma State University) This study investigated the effects of sex of teacher, solo status situation, intelligence and learning conditions on women’s problem solving. We found that women performed better with a female teacher and in a same sex situation. These effects are moderated by intelligence; more intelligent women were more adversely affected. The results of this study will be discussed in regards to the academic and professional performance of women, particularly in the areas of math and science.

An Examination of Maintenance and Rebound Models of Affective Change in a Group Aerobics Class KARIN M. COOK, MARC R. LOCBAUM, WALTER R. BIXBY, Texas Tech University This investigation examined college-aged females (n=36) who completed Thayer's AD-ACL before, during, upon completion of and 15 min following a 40 min aerobics class. Separate 2 (group) x 4 (time) ANOVAs with repeated measures on the second factors revealed that participants reported feeling better during and following the aerobics class regardless of exertion level. As such, affective response to a group aerobics class follows a maintenance model.

Generation Differences Regarding Tattoos and Conformity AUBREY ESTES, KRISTIN JOHNSON, MIRANDA LAWSON, & JENNIFER O'DELL, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: WILLIAM S. MAKI, Texas Tech University) Risk-taking, conformity, and openness to experience were investigated among a college population (18-24) and an older population (34-60) of Lubbock citizens who do and do not have tattoos. The sample size has an equal representation (N=200) for both populations. It is thought that subjects in the older population who have tattoos will be less likely to score high in conformity whereas the college population is thought to participate in body modification due to conformity.

Predictors of Response to a Musical Mood Induction JONATHAN R. FLUCK, JESI FORTIER, LYNN WILSON, LACEY HOLCOMB, OWEN SPENCER, & GREGORY H. MUMMA, Texas Tech University According to the cognitive vulnerability hypothesis, certain individuals have latent cognitive schema that result in depression when activated by stressors or experimentally by musical mood induction. Hypotheses 1) individuals with greater sociotropic or self-critical personality vulnerabilities will respond more strongly to musical mood induction, 2) individuals higher in these vulnerabilities who are more depressed pre-induction will respond particularly strongly 3) individuals with greater personality vulnerabilities who respond more strongly to the mood induction will report greater dysfunctional cognitions. Results were mixed with these hypotheses.

Differences in Alcohol, Anger, and Depression among College Women involved in Violence with Partners and Non-partners LENA L. LAXTON, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: ROSEMARY COGAN, Texas Tech University) Among 220 college women, half had been assaulted in the past year and more than half had been violent toward partners and/or non-partners. Those physically assaulted by partners were more depressed than other women. Women’s violent victimization and commission of violence by partners and/or non-partners was associated with alcohol problems.

An Investigation of Group Functioning among Multinational Teams ARLETA STOVER, Cameron University, & JAN SUTTON, Cameron University (Faculty Sponsor: MARY DZINDOLET) Military personnel must understand cultural differences affecting team performance before they can learn adaptive behaviors to ensure success when working with multinational partners. We studied multinational teams in Bosnia-Herzegovina to assess the impact of cultural tendencies on group functions. Indicators of potential barriers of team performance in four group functions were analyzed. Findings were used to build a framework for considering the relationship among cultural dimensions on multinational teamwork.

12:00 Lunch

1:00-2:30 Invited Address Circadian Rhythms, Memory, and Aging Dr. Lynn Hasher, University of Toronto (Moderator: Ruth Maki, Texas Tech University)

3:00-4:15 Poster Session III

The Effects of Sexualized Imagery and Nonstereotypic Personality Information on Women’s Judgments of Women AMANDA M. EASTON & SHEILA GAROS, Texas Tech University Sexually explicit images of women are thought to contribute to judgments about sexual behavior and personality characteristics of women. The present study examined the influence of traditional versus non-traditional sexualized images and traditional versus non-traditional biographical information on inferences made about the personality characteristics and moral behavior of women. The findings suggested that women view traditional, more feminine portrayals of women’s sexuality more favorably than non-traditional portrayals.

Reliance on a Perfect Automated Decision Aid JENNIFER BATKA, Cameron University & EMILY BEADLES, Cameron University (Faculty Sponsor: MARY DZINDOLET, Cameron University) Combat identification systems were designed to reduce fratricide by providing soldiers the ability to "interrogate" a potential target by sending a signal that, if returned, identifies the target as a "friend." Unfortunately, past research indicates that soldiers may ignore or overly rely on these automated aids. The purpose of this study was to determine automation reliance rates on a perfect aid. Results indicated that participants relied on the perfect aid only 92% of the time.

Allobathing in Humans JESSICA G0LIGHTLY, Cameron University (Faculty Sponsor: STANLEY N. BURSTEN, Cameron University) Many species, including humans, self-bathe using a head-to-toe or cephalocaudal progression of movements. This pattern may have evolved under selection pressures resulting from hygienic considerations, i.e., alternative patterns may be associated with higher risks of self-contamination. If so, then allobathing (bathing others) should follow the same pattern. Adults retrospectively reported more often using cephalocaudal rather than other progressions when allobathing infants. In addition, most respondents reported washing the infant's anterior surface before the posterior.

Controlling the Attentional Gate: Desynchronizing Target Features of Target Identity During Visual Search JENNIFER E. HALEY, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: WILLIAM S. MAKI, Texas Tech University) During the process of target identification the opening and closing of an attentional gate regulates the flow of visual information. We controlled the opening of this gate by varying the onset of the target feature relative to the target identity during visual search. The temporal position of the target feature, either early or late during the period that the target appeared, determined which stimulus was reported as the target.

Differences in Alcohol, Anger, and Sexual-preoccupation among College Men Involved in Violence to Partners and Non-partners SANDRA M. KNIGHT, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: ROSEMARY COGAN, Texas Tech University) Among 154 college men, 65.6% reported committing violence in the past year, usually toward non-partners. Men violent to non-partners were sexually preoccupied, whether or not they were violent to partners, which extends and clarifies the earlier findings of Hurlbert and Apt (1991) who did not differentiate partner and general violence.

The Relationship Between Stress and College Success RACHEL LOWERY (Southwestern Oklahoma State University) (Faculty Sponsor: STEPHEN BURGESS, Southwestern Oklahoma State University) We investigated the causes of stress (e.g., personality variables, workload, family, and study habits) in 54 college students and how they were related to academic success (i.e., GPA). Four of five stress tests used supported the notion that those with more hassles than uplifts will have higher stress levels. We hypothesized that people with internal locus of control would have lower stress levels; but this was not supported.

Working Memory Capacity and Allocation of Visual Attention: Object Versus Space-Based CURTIS A. PAYNE, JR. & LAKENDRA DISNEY-PENICK, Texas Tech University (Faculty Sponsor: KATHRYN BLECKLEY, Texas Tech University) Previous researchers used a selective attention task to discover that visual attention allocation differed between individuals scoring high or low in working memory capacity. It was revealed that low spans have a spotlight attention allocation; whereas, high spans have a more flexible attention allocation. When a secondary attention demanding task was introduced, high spans no longer allocated attention discontiguously. This experiment examines whether these differences are a result of high spans using object-based and low spans using spaced-based allocation. Preliminary results support this hypothesis.

Sexual Attitudes, Values, and Behaviors JULIE SANTIAGO, Cameron University (Faculty Sponsor:MARY DZINDOLET, Cameron University) Previous research has shown that sex differences exist in sexual experiences and values. The purpose of this study was to examine sexual values at a nontraditional university. A survey consisting of various questions concerning first sexual intercourse experience, sexual values, and general background information was completed by 28 women and 13 men enrolled in undergraduate classes. Significant age and sex differences were found for sexual values and first sexual intercourse experience.

4:15-5:30 Panel Discussion Career Paths in Psychology (Moderator: Lee Cohen, Texas Tech University) Teaching and Research: Wendy Francis, University of Texas, El Paso Human Factors: Pat Delucia, Texas Tech University Forensic Psychology: Bob Morgan, Texas Tech University