History 3348 001 (#24470):

HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES

Fall 2021　 Holden Hall 128
　MWF 11:00-11:50 am  

TEACHER 

John Howe,  
        Professor of History, Advisor,  Medieval and Renaissance Studies,  TTU
Office: 143 Holden Hall                                         Office Hours: MW 12-12:30pm, Tu 9:30-10:30am,  and by appointment
Telephone: 806 834‑7544            E‑Mail: john.howe@ ttu.edu                              Fax 806 742-1060   
Web: http://myweb.ttu.edu/jhowe  (the best way to access this syllabus)
 

THE COURSE

Purposes
        To acquire a general knowledge of the crusading movement in Western Europe, including its ideology, organization, military strategies, and leadership. To situate the crusades in the larger economic, cultural, and religious context of the Mediterranean world, a cross-cultural world where Latin, Greek, and Arabic civilizations interacted. To use the crusades as a case study for analysis of the problems posed by "holy war," imperialism, colonization, and the formation of European consciousness.
        To introduce the process by which historians reconstruct historical events from conflicting primary sources.

Expected Learning Outcomes
        Upon successful completion of this class students will be able to:
1.    Describe major events and individuals associated with the crusades.
2.　Discuss the documentary foundation that underlies this historical narrative.
3.    Relate the history of the crusades to other major social developments in the  Latin West in the High and Later Middle Ages. 
4.　Recognize the origins of some elements of contemporary debates between Western and Islamic societies.
5     Better appreciate the global context of the developmenet of Western Civilization.
6..   Be more proficient in the following genres of historical writing: essay examinations and comparative analyses of historical documents.

Methods for Assessing the Expected Learning Outcomes

The Expected Learning Outcomes of the course will be assessed through examinations, source problems, student "Wednesday reports,"class discussion, and miscellaneous classroom assessment activities.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Required Texts

Andrea, Alfred J., and Andrew Holt, eds.  Seven Myths of the Crusades. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2015. ISBN 978-1-62466-403-8

Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades. Translated by Caroline Smith.  New York: Penguin Group USA, 2008. ISBN 978-0-140-44998-3.

Madden, Thomas F.  The Concise History of the Crusades: Third Student Edition.  Lanham MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2013. ISBN    Paper 978-1-4422-1573-7     978-1-4422-1576-4 or electronic.  978-1-4422-1576-4

Runciman, Steven.  The First Crusade.  NewYork: Penguin Modern Classics, 2016. ISBN 978-0141985503

Usama ibn Munqidh: The Book of Contemplation: Islam and the Crusades. Translated by Paul M. Cobb. New York: Penguin, 2008.  ISBN  978-1-62466-403-8.                     

Internet Medieval Sourcebook (IMS): http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
Some journal articles accessible via the Texas Tech Library through JSTOR
Some materials posted on line, to be accessed through the electronic version of this syllabus.　

Required Reading
Specific reading assignments for each class are listed in the "Reading and Lecture Schedule," just ahead of the lecture date by which they should be completed. Each assignment concerns the subject of the following class meeting.  Read so that you arrive in class prepared to explain, praise, criticize, and question. The assignments are manageable if read on schedule, but overwhelming if you fall behind.

Successful completion of this course requires regular attendance.  In the classroom difficult reading assignments are interpreted and contextualized, and additional subject matter is introduced.  If you cannot attend 80% or more of the scheduled classes, you should not be enrolled.　

Examinations

Midterm tests are scheduled for Wednesday September 29,  and Friday October 22. Each includes multiple-choice questions, identification questions, a single essay (from two or more choices), and perhaps map work. If, for good reason, a test is missed, a make-up test may be taken at 3:30-4:30 pm on Monday, November 29.  Students receiving a grade below "C" on a midterm should meet with the teacher to discuss it (this will be part of the class participation grade).

The final examination on Friday, December 3, 1:30-4:00 pm will feature multiple-choice and identification questions based on the material covered since the midterm, and three essays (to be chosen out of six or more alternative questions) covering the material of the entire course. Bring blue books to the final.

Wednesday Morning Questions

On ten Wednesdays, students will have assignments due at 10:00am (they maybe submitted earlier).  These are to be emailed not only to Professor Howe but also to all members of the class (emails from the instructor will contain the class email list).  Begin the subject line of each of these assignment emails with HIST3348--that will make it easy to identify these and assign them to a separate folder.  Each of the Wednesday assignments is based upon the readings scheduled to be completed on that Wednesday. Each requires a student to do two things:  1) present an intelligent question about something in the specified readings; and 2) identify one point from the  readings that seems notably "distinctive" (enlightening, odd, weird, wrong, or whatever).  The instructor will respond to the class concerning these queries and issues.

Source Problems

Course assignments include three crusade source problems, cases where the primary documentary evidence seems to be contradictory.  Students will attempt to reconstruct what happened, presenting their findings in papers no longer than five typed, double-spaced pages.  Since the evidence provided for these case studies yields no single, indisputable "right answer," all you can do is to present your arguments for the "most probable" scenario.  You will be given information about how to avoid some common errors. Grades will be based on logic, analysis, persuasiveness, and comprehensive use of the sources.  Be careful not to violate the History Department and University guidelines on plagiarism.　

The first of these is due on Wednesday September 15; the second on Monday October 18; the third on Friday November 5. Papers late by a day or two will be assessed a one grade penalty, but no later papers will be accepted after the corrected on-time ones have been returned, .

GRADING  

The course grade will be computed as follows: 20% from the midterm tests (that is, 10% from each); 45% from the papers (15% from each); 10% from Wednesday reports (1% from each); 5% from class participation; and 20% from the final. The class participation grade is computed in this way. At the end of the semester students are divided into three goups on the basis of attendance, class preparation, and class contributions: 1) individuals who were outstanding; 2) individuals who were generally average; and 3) individuals who were well below average, In computing the course grade, the first group gets the class participation component credited as an 'A'; the second has these points neutralized (so they neither help nor hurt when computing the course grade); and the third has them credited as an `F'.
 

 UNIVERSITY NOTICES                          

Covid-19 Campus Protocols: As of May 19, 2021, face coverings are now optional in TTU facilities and classrooms, and all other COVID-19 campus protocols have been lifted. It is highly recommended that those who have not been vaccinated for COVID-19 wear face coverings to help prevent the spread of the virus.The University will follow CDC, State, and TTU System guidelines in continuing to manage the campus implications of COVID-19. Any changes affecting class policies or delivery modality will be in accordance with those guidelines and announced as soon as possible. 

 Accommodations for Holy Days: "Religious holy day" means a holy day observed by a religion whose places of worship are exempt from property taxation under Texas Tax Code §11.20. A student who intends to observe a religious holy day should make that intention known in writing to the instructor prior to the absence. A student who is absent from classes for the observance of a religious holy day shall be allowed to take an examination or complete an assignment scheduled for that day within a reasonable time after the absence. A student who is excused under this provision may not be penalized for the absence; however, the instructor may respond appropriately if the student fails to complete the assignment satisfactorily.

Accommodations for Certified Disabilities Any student who, because of a disability, may require special arrangements in order to meet the course requirements should contact the instructor as soon as possible to make any necessary arrangements. Students should present appropriate verification from Student Disability Services during the instructor’s office hours. Please note: instructors are not allowed to provide classroom accommodations to a student until appropriate verification from Student Disability Services has been provided. For additional information, please contact Student Disability Services in Weeks Hall or call 806-742-2405. 

TTU Statement on Academic Integrity Academic integrity is taking responsibility for one’s own work, being individually accountable, and demonstrating intellectual honesty and ethical behavior. Academic integrity is a personal choice to abide by the standards of intellectual honesty and responsibility. Because education is a shared effort to achieve learning through the exchange of ideas, students, faculty, and staff have the collective responsibility to build mutual trust and respect. Ethical behavior and independent thought are essential for the highest level of academic achievement, which then must be measured. Academic achievement includes scholarship, teaching and learning, all of which are shared endeavors. Grades are a device used to quantify the successful accumulation of knowledge through learning. Adhering to the standards of academic integrity ensures that grades are earned honestly and gives added value to the entire educational process. Academic integrity is the foundation upon which students, faculty, and staff build their educational and professional careers. Students are responsible for understanding the principles and policies regarding academic integrity at Texas Tech University, and abide by them in all class and/or course work at the University. Academic misconduct violations are outlined in the Code of Student Conduct. The University policies and procedures regarding academic integrity can be found in the Student Handbook. The Student Handbook and the Code of Student Conduct can be found online at www.ttu.edu/studenthandbook. It is the aim of the faculty of Texas Tech University to foster a spirit of complete honesty and high standard of integrity. The attempt of students to present as their own any work not honestly performed is regarded by the faculty and administration as a most serious offence and renders the offenders liable to serious consequences, possibly suspension. Academic or “Scholastic” dishonesty includes, but it not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, collusion, falsifying academic records, misrepresenting facts, and any act designed to give unfair academic advantage to the student (such as, but not limited to, submission of essentially the same written assignment for two courses without the prior permission of the instructor) or the attempt to commit such an act. 

History Department Statement on Academic Integrity The Department of History adheres to Texas Tech University’s statement and related policies on issues of academic integrity as detailed in OP 34.12 (see above). Any student found to be in violation of these policies will be subject to disciplinary action at both the departmental and university levels. At the departmental level, such action may include one or more of the following: a failing grade (F) for the assignment in question; a failing grade (F) for the course; a written reprimand; disqualification from scholarships and/or funding. Graduate students violating academic integrity policies may also be subject to removal from the program. (See the department’s Graduate Program Handbook for more information.)

READING AND LECTURE SCHEDULE

 
M    Aug 23        introductions

Eurasian World ; Mediterranean Topography; Holy Land Topography ; Holy Land Maps; Modern Israel

W   Aug 25        Geography

                               Runciman 13-22; Wilkinson; Piacenza Pilgrim.

[  Th   Aug 26       Last Day to add a course]

F     Aug  27      Early Medieval Pilgrimage  

Runciman 1-12; Date Chart; Roman Empire ca. 300; Europe 900; Byzantine Empire mid 11th ; Liutprand 949; Luitprand 963

M    Aug 30     The Greek East at 1000AD

Overview of Islam; "Pact of Omar" ; Kennedy; Andrea 4-20; finish Wednesday Report #1 on Islam

W    Sep 1       Islam at 1000AD

John Howe on "Encastellation"; new horse collar; Europe 900;  Europe 1000

F     Sep 3       The Latin West at 1000

Runciman 33-40; Madden 1-3; Andrea 1-28; finish Wednesday Report #2 on "Holy War"

M    Sep 6       Labor Day Holiday                                    

W    Sep 8       Holy War

W   Sep 8        Laat day to drop a course and get a full refund.]

Runciman 23-32; Madden 4-5; Usama xv-xx; Andrea 17-24; Gregory VII; Late 11th-Century Maps;  How to Mess Up the Source Problem. Start Source Problem #1.

F    Sep 10     The Turkish Threat

                                Madden 5-13; Runciman 41-51. Continue writing Source Problem #1.

M    Sep 13   Church Reform and the Call to Crusade

                                Finish Source Problem #1;        

                                No wednesday report due this Wednesday 

W   Sep 15     Response to the Call

                                Madden 15-19; Runciman 52-68; Andrea 29-69; Solomon bar Samson  

F   Sep 17      The Peoples' Crusades

                                Runciman 69-93; Roster of Crusaders; Anna Comnena

M  Sep 20    The Crusaders at Constantinople

Madden 23-30; Runciman 94-125 ; finish Wednesday Report #3 on  the march through Asia Minor

W  Sep 22     The  March to Antioch

                                Runciman 126-168; Battle of Antioch

F   Sep 24      The Siege of Antioch

                                  Runciman 169-89; Ibn Al-Athīr; Fulcher of Chartres ; Battle of Jerusalem

M   Sep 27     The Fall of Jerusalem

                                  Study ; no wednesday report due this Wednesday

W   Sep 29     Midterm #1

                                  Madden 35-46; Andrea 70-90; Crusader States map; Usamah; Fulcher

F   Oct 1         Organizing the Crusader States

Usama 253-54;   amilton, "Rebuilding Zion"; Hamilton, "Crusader Church" ; Crusader Jerusalem 

M  Oct 4        Organizing the Crusader Church 

Denis Pringle, "The Planning of Some Pilgrimage Churches in Crusader Palestine." World Archeology 18 1987): 341-62 [access through . JSTOR ]
 ;                  finish Wednesday Report #4 on crusader art and architecture

W  Oct 6          Crusader Art & Architecture

                                Madden 46-48; Partner, Templars; Templar Rule.

F   Oct 8         The Military Orders

Madden 132-33; Crusader Women; Nicholson; Melisende's Psalter. Start Source Problem #2 by reading and itemizing the documents given

M   Oct 11     Women on Crusade

Holmes. Usama 79-81,  93-99, and 142-54.; finish Wednesday Report #5 on daily life in the crusader states ; start Source Problem #2.

W  Oct 13       Daily Life in the Crusader States

Madden  48-59; Usama 11-12 and 131-34;   Fall of Edessa;  Mayer, "2nd Crusade" . Continue writing Source Problem #2.

F   Oct 15       Islam Strikes Back

                                  Eugenius III; Capture of Lisbon.  Finish Source Problem # 2.

M  Oct 18    The Second Crusade

Osprey conquest of Jerusalem ;   Holy Sepulcher ; Nazareth capitolsMelisende Psalter  French Crusade Song ;  Krak de Chavaliers;  finish Wednesday report #6 on crusader Jerusalem
 

W  Oct 20      Crusader Jerusalem

                                Study   

F   Oct 22       Midterm #2

Madden 61-72; Usama 23-26, 43-44 49-52;  Dynastic Succession; William of Tyre; Saladin Video ; Hattin; Hattin and Its Aftermath

M    Oct 25      The Kingdom of Jerusalem at Risk &the Battle of Hattin             

Madden 72-77;  Usama 179-80; finish Wednesday report #7 on the fall of Jerusalem;  Capture of Jerusalem ; Fall of Jerusalem

W   Oct 27       The Fall of Jerusalem and the Launching of the Third Crusade

                                 Madden 77-91; The Third Crusade;  Ambroise    

F   Oct 29        The Third Crusade

Madden 115-32; Strayer.  Madden 117-29. Teutonic Knights ; In Defense of Teutonic Knights; Children's Crusades ; Andrea 91-105; Cologne Chronicle. Start Source Problem  #3.

M   Nov 1         Spanish Crusades /  Crusades against Heretics / Baltic Crusades / Children's Crusades

Queller on "4th Crusade"  (map) and on 4th Crusade Chronology. No Wednesday report due. Continue Source Problem  #3.

W   Nov 3       Launching the Fourth Crusade

                                Nicetas Choniates ; Villehardouin 74-135.   Finish Source Problem  #3.

F   Nov 5     The Latin Empire of Constantinople

Madden 134-53; Innocent III; Joinville 161-200; Ibn Wasil; Letters;  Map of the Crusader Kingdom 1192-1243; Capture of Jerusalem in 1244

M  Nov 8      The Fifth Crusade /  Crusade of Frederick II and Its Aftermath

Madden 154-68; Letter from 1249; Joinville 200-264; St. Louis Testament. fiinish Wednesday report #8 on the Sixth Crusade

W  Nov 10     Louis IX and the Sixth Crusade

[Tu Nov 23   Last day to declare pass fail, drop a class, or withdraw from the university]

                               Joinville 265-330; Mongols, Battle of Ain Jalut.   

F  Nov 12       Mongols

                                 Joinville 331-353; Madden 168-76

M  Nov 15     The Mainland Crusader States at Risk

                                      Michener ; Fall of Acre.; Abu I-Fidā

                                      Finish Wednesday report #9 on the fall of Acre

W  Nov 17    The Fall of Acre

                                      Madden 176-77; Andrea 106-26.   

F  Nov 19     Fall of Papacy and the Templars

                                     Madden 178-95; Atiya.                     

M  Nov 22    Later Crusades

Tu Nov 23       L:ast Day to Dewclare Pass/Fail or to Drop a COurse with Academic Penalty 

[W-F Nov 24-26 Thanksgiving Holiday] 

M   Niv 29      Later  Cusades   

Madden 9-13, 194-95, and 197-209; Runciman "Summing Up"; Effects of the Crusades ; Andrea 127-49; Bernard Hamilton, "The Impact of                                   Crusader Jerusalem on Western Christendom,”The Catholic Historical Review 80 (1994): 695-713 [access through JSTOR ] . 
 Finish Wednesday report #10 on the significance of the crusades 

[M Nov 29        Make-Up Test at 3:30-4:30 pm]

W Dec 1          Summing Up

[Th Dec 2        Individual Study Day]  

                                      Study

F  Dec 3   1:30-4:00 pm     FINAL EXAMINATION