Optimized Universal Droop Control Framework for Enhancing Stability and Resilience in Renewable-Dense Power Grids

Abstract

High penetration of green energy sources presents substantial challenges to grid stability and resilience, primarily due to inherent voltage and frequency variability, which worsens during critical events. This study proposes an integrated framework for stability and resilience enhancement in renewable-dense power grids by designing optimized universal droop controllers (UDCs) tailored for grid-forming operations under high-impact contingencies. The UDC incorporates fault localization functionality via grid-forming inverters embedded with phasor measuring capabilities (phase voltage magnitude and angle) to facilitate real-time fault detection and response, thus augmenting operational reliability. Leveraging integrated solution environments, the developed framework employs numerical optimization routines for resource allocation, load prioritization, economic dispatch of distributed energy resources (DERs), and adaptive network reconfiguration under constrained conditions and during critical events that may necessitate decentralized network configurations in the wake of main grid failures. Validation conducted on the IEEE 123-node distribution network indicates that the optimized UDC framework achieves superior voltage and frequency regulation compared to conventional droop-based methods, ensuring optimal resource distribution and sustained load support.

Authors

Agboola Benjamin Alao, Olatunji Matthew Adeyanju, Manohar Chamana, Stephen Bayne, Argenis Bilbao

Keywords

grid-forming, dynamic optimization, fault localization, resilience, scalable integration, UDC

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Publication Type

Article

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Digital Object Identifier

https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14112149

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Full Citation

Alao, A. B., Adeyanju, O. M., Chamana, M., Bayne, S., & Bilbao, A. (2025). Optimized Universal Droop Control Framework for Enhancing Stability and Resilience in Renewable-Dense Power Grids. Electronics, 14(11), 2149.

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