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Welcome To The Human Research Protection Program

Texas Tech University is committed to protecting the rights and welfare of individuals participating in research. Texas Tech's Institutional Review Board (IRB) is charged with reviewing all human subjects research in accordance with federal regulations (45 CFR 46), state laws, and local and University policies (TTU OP 74.09).

The Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) serves as a liaison to the IRB and point of contact for participants and researchers.

Getting Started

TTU requires human subject training to educate and update researchers about ethical principles and regulatory requirements for their work with human research participants. This requirement, went into effect on January 1, 2023, reflects Texas Tech University's commitment to the protection of the rights and welfare of human research participants and to the researchers who strive to conduct excellent and impactful research.

Responsible conduct of research involving human research participants requires not only compliance with regulations and guidelines developed to support ethical research practices, but also thoughtful consideration of multiple factors that define an acceptable study. These include critical evaluations of our best understanding of previous research, of risks and potential benefits, of alternative methods, and so on. The decision to conduct a study with human participants carries both ethical and regulatory responsibilities to protect the welfare and interests of those participants, to design the study to minimize risks to participants, and to engage in ongoing training for researchers working to protect the interests and welfare of research participants.

All research study personnel who engage with participants will need to complete human subject training prior to IRB approval of a research protocol and prior to conducting any human research-related activities. Human research-related activities include recruitment of participants, consenting of participants, data collection (anonymous or identifiable), gaining access to identifiable data, and/or conducting analysis of identifiable data. These training requirements will apply to all Principal Investigators, Co-Investigators, and research staff/students. This includes both individuals within the TTU system and external collaborators.

TTU research personnel must complete one of the following trainings every 3 years: CITI - TTU Human Subject Research - Required Basic or TTU Human Subject Training

Vulnerable populations require special considerations and additional safeguards to protect the rights and welfare of these participants. Individuals in these groups may be considered potentially vulnerable because they may not be able to make informed decisions for themselves, they may be in situations in which they can easily be manipulated, or they may be a convenient and readily available study population.

Vulnerable populations may include but not limited to:

  • Children
    • Expedited proposals that involve children require two reviewers and will possibly require a longer review time frame. An assent form will be required along with the parental consent form. Research involving schools may require school administrative approval and knowledge of FERPA regulations.
  • Prisoners
    • Research involving prisoners are submitted as full board proposals. The research team will be required to attend a full board meeting on the last Tuesday of the month.
  • Individuals with Impaired Decision-Making Capacity
    • Adult or child participants who are unable to fully understand the informed consent process due to a traumatic brain injury, developmental disorders, intellectual disabilities, and serious mental illness are other common and devastating problem.
  • Economically or Educationally Disadvantaged Persons

Recruitment refers to the overall process of attracting and selecting participants for research. This is the beginning of the informed consent process and is one of the most challenging parts of research. It can be conducted through newspapers, emails, posters, fliers, advertisements, verbal announcements, or by soliciting volunteers in public spaces.

Download the following templates and adapt according to your research. Appropriate documents need to be submitted with the IRB.

Email to Participants

Email to Liaison

Flyer

TechAnnounce Ad

Oral Script for Recruitment

Information Sheet

When minors (under the age of 18 in most states) are involved in research, the regulations require the assent of the minor and the consent of the parent(s) or legally authorized representative. There are four components in achieving this goal when research involves minors: the consent process and the consent form for parents; and the consent process and assent form for minors.

Download the following templates and adapt according to your research. Appropriate documents need to be submitted with the IRB.

Preschool-Kindergarten Assent Form Template - Expedited & Full Board

1st-8th Grade Assent Form Template - Expedited & Full Board

9th-12th Grade Assent Form Template - Expedited & Full Board

Parent Consent Form Template - Expedited & Full Board

While children may be legally incapable of giving informed consent, children should be asked whether or not they wish to participate in the research. The child should be given an explanation of the proposed research procedures in a language that is appropriate to the child's age, experience, maturity, and condition. This explanation should include a discussion of any discomforts and inconveniences the child may experience. If the child objects to the research, the study is stopped immediately.

The Institutional Review Board (IRB) should determine that the risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits [21 CFR 56.111(a)(2)] and that the consent document contains an adequate description of the study procedures [21 CFR 50.25(a)(1)] as well as the risks [21 CFR 50.25(a)(2)] and benefits [21 CFR 50.25(a)(3)].

It is not uncommon for subjects to be paid for their participation in research, especially in the early phases of investigational drug, biologic or device development. Payment to research subjects for participation in studies is not considered a benefit, it is a recruitment incentive. Financial incentives are often used when health benefits to subjects are remote or non-existent. The amount and schedule of all payments should be presented to the IRB at the time of initial review. The IRB should review the amount of payment and the proposed method and timing of disbursement to assure that neither are coercive or present undue influence [21 CFR 50.20]. 

Any credit for payment should accrue as the study progresses and not be contingent upon the subject completing the entire study. Unless it creates undue inconvenience or a coercive practice, payment to subjects who withdraw from the study may be made at the time they would have completed the study (or completed a phase of the study) had they not withdrawn. For example, in a study lasting only a few days, an IRB may find it permissible to allow a single payment date at the end of the study, even to subjects who had withdrawn before that date.

While the entire payment should not be contingent upon completion of the entire study, payment of a small proportion as an incentive for completion of the study is acceptable to FDA, providing that such incentive is not coercive. The IRB should determine that the amount paid as a bonus for completion is reasonable and not so large as to unduly induce subjects to stay in the study when they would otherwise have withdrawn. All information concerning payment, including the amount and schedule of payment(s), should be set forth in the informed consent document.

Examples include:

  • Cash
  • Check
  • Gift Card
  • Drawing
  • Course Credit
  • Extra Credit

Research studies occasionally involve the deception of participants. The participants are provided with false or incomplete information about the research in order to obtain unbiased data with respect to the participants' attitudes and behavior.

  • Deception occurs when a researcher intentionally gives research participants misleading or false information about some aspect of the research
  • Deliberately misinforming participants
  • Incomplete Disclosure occurs when a researcher intentionally withholds information from participants about the true purpose or nature of the research
  • Omitting or withholding key information about the research

Deception may only be used:

  • In Limited research if they participant is made aware in the informed consent process that the research involves deception.
  • In Expedited and Full Board research.
  • When the risk is no greater than minimal.
  • When the research is not feasible without the deception.
  • When debriefing is provided.

Deception affects the informed consent process because participants are not provided accurate information on the required elements of consent and therefore cannot make an informed decision to participate in the research. A request for a Waiver or Alteration of Informed Consent must be requested in the IRB application. Even though the IRB may agree to alter the required elements of consent, a consent process is still required, and the consent document must provide a truthful description of the study to the extent possible.

Information to include in the IRB:

  • Justification of deception
  • Process of debriefing
    • When, how, and by whom participants will be debriefed
    • Copy of debriefing statement
  • Explain any risks and benefits associated with the deception
  • Request a Waiver or Alteration of Informed Consent
    • When a study uses deception, fully informed consent cannot be obtained from participants because they are not provided with enough information to make an informed decision.

Researchers may choose to debrief participants about their research after their participation has ended or the research is complete. The debriefing process is a requirement for studies that employ deception, sexual misconduct, self-harm, and substance abuse. However, it can also be used as an educational tool and to provide counseling resources.

The process to debrief participants must be explained in your IRB submission. Researchers are strongly encouraged to debrief participants as soon as possible after the research. Your submission must indicate who will debrief participants and the debriefing document.

General Debriefing

  • Label the form as "Debriefing Statement"
  • Study title
  • Thank participants for taking the time to participate in the study
  • A full explanation of the hypothesis being tested
  • Relevant background information pertaining to the research
  • PI name and contact information for follow-up questions
  • If the study involves sensitive topics, it may be appropriate to give participants an opportunity to withdraw their consent to participate.
  • If the Research Topic is Sexual Misconduct, Discrimination, Harassment or Violence include the following additional language:
    • If you want to report sexual misconduct at Texas Tech University, you can contact the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct. You can then meet with the office staff and they will open an investigation into this matter. If you would like me to file a report with the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct on your behalf and help you get into contact with these resources, please let me know. (This language is not required for exempt research.)
  • Resources available to the participants – The resource document provided can be adapted to fit the needs of the research participants and topics.

Deception Debriefing

  • Procedures used to deceive participants
  • Why it was necessary to deceive participants
  • Participants should also be given the opportunity to withdraw completely any and all material collected.
  • If the research study involved the use of audio or video recording a participant, the researcher must provide them an opportunity to withdraw their consent for the use of such recordings.

View resources

Researchers collect and receive data in various forms. Here are the key terms to think about when collecting, analyzing, and storing data to protect the participants privacy and confidentiality.

  • Anonymous Data: Data was collected without identifiers and was never linked to an individual.
  • Individual identifiers that might be collected in the course of data collection:
  • Individual identifiers that might be collected in the course of data collection:

    • Names
    • All geographic subdivisions smaller than a State, including street address, city, county, precinct, zip code, and their equivalent geocodes, except for the initial three digits of a zip code if, according to the current publicly available data from the Bureau of the Census: (a) The geographic unit formed by combining all zip codes with the same three initial digits contains more than 20,000 people; (b)The initial three digits of a zip code for all such geographic units containing 20,000 or fewer people is changed to 000
    • All elements of dates (except year) for dates directly related to an individual, including birth date, admission date, discharge date, date of death; and all ages over 89 and all elements of dates (including year) indicative of such age, except that such ages and elements may be aggregated into a single category of age 90 or older
    • Telephone numbers
    • Fax numbers
    • Electronic mail addresses
    • Social security numbers
    • Student ID numbers
    • Medical record numbers
    • Health plan beneficiary numbers
    • Account numbers
    • Certificate/license numbers
    • Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers, including license plate numbers
    • Device identifiers and serial numbers
    • Web Universal Resource Locators (URLs)
    • Internet Protocol (IP) address numbers
    • Biometric identifiers, including finger and voice prints
    • Full face photographic images and any comparable images
    • Any other unique identifying number, characteristic, or code; and the covered entity does not have actual knowledge that the information could be used alone or in combination with other information to identify an individual who is a subject of the information
  • Coded Data: Personal identifiers have been removed from the data and replaced with a participant code. The personal identifier(s) and participant code are in a separate document away from the data. This allows the researcher to trace the data back to the original source. If a link exists, data are considered indirectly identifiable and not anonymous, anonymized or de-identified.
  • Indirectly Identifiable Data: Data does not include personal identifiers, but link identifiers to the data with a code. This data is still considered identifiable
  • De-Identified Data: All personal identifiers are permanently removed from data. No code or key exists to link the individual back to the data.
  • Confidentiality is when the researcher knows the identity of a research participant/entity but takes steps to protect the identity from being discovered by others.
  • Deductive Disclosure - Occurs when the traits of individuals or groups make them identifiable in research reports
  • Report as Aggregate Data - Tell a groups' story not a specific person's story
  • Use Pseudonyms
  • Avoid specific locations/places
  • Avoid direct quotes
  • Title IX - Sexual Misconduct

    Research activities must be compliant with applicable federal and state laws and university policies. The IRB and HRPP office expect all researchers to put the participant's well-being and safety first.

    Title IX

    All TTU employees and students are required to report to the TTU Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct if they receive information about sexual misconduct, discrimination, harassment or violence that meets one or more of the following criteria:

    • Is alleged to have been perpetrated by a TTU student, staff, or faculty member, OR
    • The alleged victim is a TTU student, staff, or faculty member, OR
    • Has occurred on TTU property or during a TTU activity.

    If The Research Topic Is Sexual Misconduct, Discrimination, Harassment or Violence

    If there is a reasonable expectation that the target population will disclose information about sexual misconduct, discrimination, harassment or violence while participating in the research a plan for this circumstance must be included in the research protocol and informed consent. The research team does not report this information to the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct, unless, the participant requests to the research team that the incident be reported to the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct on the participant's behalf. Your IRB will state in the findings of the IRB approval letter if the research team is not required to report to the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct. If the participant is in immediate threat, call 911.

    Exempt research is anonymous and cannot be reported at the individual level. This does not require a change to the informed consent document. Additional language can be added to the debriefing script. When it is feasible, the IRB and HRPP office recommend that the data is collected anonymously, and researchers do not have access to identifiers.

    Limited research cannot include sexual misconduct topics. If identifiers are needed for the research this must be reviewed through the expedited or full board process.

    Expedited and full board research will require the additional language to the informed consent process and debriefing script.

    Informed Consent Language
    How are we protecting your privacy?

    Your name will not be linked to any material in reports, publications or presentations. No one other than the researchers associated with this project will have access to the raw data. All related documentation will be stored in the researcher's locked office and on a password protected computer.

    Additional Language:

    As a researcher, I am not required to report to TTU authorities and/or law enforcement officials on the information that you may disclose in the course of this research related to sexual misconduct, violence, harassment, or discrimination, etc. You should be aware disclosures made during this research will not prompt a Title IX investigation into possible sexual misconduct.

    If we believe that you or someone else are in imminent danger of serious physical harm, we may need to contact someone to make sure you're safe. This would only happen if we were not able to work with you directly to come up with a plan to keep you, or someone else, safe.

    Debriefing Language

    Must include a list of resources available to participants.

    Additional Language:
    If you want to report sexual misconduct at Texas Tech University, you can contact the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct. You can then meet with the office staff and they will open an investigation into this matter.  If you would like me to file a report with the Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct on your behalf and help you get into contact with these resources, please let me know.

    If The Research Topic Is NOT Sexual Misconduct, Discrimination, Harassment Or Violence

    If a research participant discloses Title IX: sexual misconduct information this would trigger mandatory reporting to the TTU Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct. In addition, this will constitute a reportable incident to the HRPP office since it is an unanticipated event. This is an unanticipated event because the research team did not expect the research participants to disclose sexual misconduct information. The Principal Investigator must complete an incident submission in Cayuse IRB within three days of learning of the issue and report the incident to the TTU Office for Student Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct. If the participant is in immediate threat, call 911.

    TTU Title IX Reporting

    Abuse & Neglect

    Research activities must be compliant with applicable federal and state laws and university policies. The IRB and HRPP office expect all researchers to put the participant's well-being and safety first.

    Abuse and Neglect of a Child, Elderly Individual or Adults with Disabilities

    All TTU employees and students are required to report alleged or suspected abuse and neglect of a child, elderly individual, or adults with disabilities or impaired decision-making skills.

    If the Research Topic is about Abuse and Neglect of a Child, Elderly Individual, Adults with Disabilities or Impaired Decision-Making Skills

    If there is a reasonable expectation that the target population will disclose information about abuse and neglect while participating in the research, a plan for this circumstance must be included in the research protocol and informed consent. The research team will report alleged or suspected abuse and neglect to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. If the participant is in immediate threat, call 911.

    Informed Consent Language
    How are we protecting your privacy?

    Your name will not be linked to any material in reports, publications or presentations. No one other than the researchers associated with this project will have access to the raw data. All related documentation will be stored in the researcher's locked office and on a password protected computer.

    Adult Consent Form: The researcher(s) will not maintain as confidential, information about known or reasonably suspected incidents of abuse or neglect of a child, dependent adult or elder, including, but not limited to, physical, sexual, emotional, and financial abuse or neglect. If any researcher has or is given such information, he or she may be required to report it to the authorities.

    Child/Impaired Decision-Making Assent Form: We will not tell anyone what you tell us without your permission unless there is something that could be dangerous to you or someone else. If you tell us that someone is or has been hurting you, we may have to tell that to people who are responsible for protecting you so they can make sure you are safe.

    Debriefing Language

    Must include a list of resources available to participants.

    If the Research Topic is NOT about Abuse and Neglect of a Child, Elderly Individual, Adults with Disabilities or Impaired Decision-Making Skills

    If a research participant discloses information triggering the need for mandatory reporting to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, this will constitute a reportable event to the HRPP office since it is an unanticipated incident. The Principal Investigator must complete an incident submission in Cayuse IRB within three days of learning of the issue and report the incident to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. If the participant is in immediate threat, call 911.

    Texas Department of Family and Protective Services

    Mental Health, Self-Harm, Criminal Behavior, & Substance Abuse

    Research activities must be compliant with applicable federal and state laws and university policies. The IRB and HRPP office expect all researchers to put the participant's well-being and safety first.

    Mental Health, Self-Harm, Criminal Behavior, and Substance Abuse

    TTU employees and students are NOT required to report alleged or suspected self-harm, criminal behavior, or substance abuse.

    When it is feasible, the IRB and HRPP office recommend that the data is collected anonymously, and researchers do not have access to identifiers.

    If the Research Topic is about Mental Health, Self-Harm, Criminal Behavior, and Substance Abuse

    If there is a reasonable expectation that the target population will disclose information about Mental Health, Self-Harm, Criminal Behavior, and Substance Abuse while participating in the research, the researcher needs to provide information in the protocol about plans for providing referral information, assessing participant safety, and/or contacting others outside the research team to ensure participants safety. Example language is provided below in the section describing how privacy is protected.

    If the research team decides to report an alleged or suspected self-harm, criminal behavior, and substance abuse, this will constitute a reportable event to the HRPP office. The Principal Investigator must complete an incident submission in Cayuse IRB within three days of learning of the issue. If the participant is in immediate threat, call 911.

    Observed or known concerns in the TTU community
    Raiders Report 

    Informed Consent Language
    How are we protecting your privacy?

    Your name will not be linked to any material in reports, publications or presentations. No one other than the researchers associated with this project will have access to the raw data. All related documentation will be stored in the researcher's locked office and on a password protected computer.

    Confidentiality rules prevent anyone from the research team sharing information about you with anyone outside of the research team without your permission. There are some very rare exceptions to this that you should know about. For example, if you tell us about a child or an elderly adult who is being abused, we are required to report that to the appropriate authorities. Also, if we believe that you or someone else are in imminent danger of serious physical harm, we may need to contact someone to make sure you're safe. This would only happen if we were not able to work with you directly to come up with a plan to keep you, or someone else, safe.

    Debriefing Language

    Must include a list of resources available to participants.

    Contact Us

    Phone: 806-742-206

    Email: hrpp@ttu.edu