adjective clause: a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and that is used as part of a sentence. Modifies a noun and a pronoun.
adjective: a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun
adverb: a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
clause: a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and that is used as part of a sentence
collective noun: names a group of things or persons
complex sentence: a sentence that has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
compound complex sentence: a sentence that has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause
compound sentence: a sentence that has two or more independent clauses. Each independent clause has its own subject and predicate and the clauses are usually joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction.
concluding sentence: found at the end of a paragraph, this sentence should restate the controlling idea in a different way.
conjunctive adverb: an adverb that connects two independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships (in fact, for example, that is, for instance, in addition, in other words, on the other hand, even so).
coordinating conjunction: joins words or groups of words that are equal in grammatical importance (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)
dependent clause: a clause that contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought
dependent marker: subordinating conjunction
essential element: important information. The information does not have commas around it because it is necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
gerund: a verb form that ends in -ing and is used as a noun.
independent clause: a group of words containing a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
independent marker: a connecting word used at the beginning of an independent clause (also, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, therefore). When the second independent clause in a sentence has an independent marker word, a semicolon is needed before the independent marker word.
infinitive: a verb form that begins with the word to and functions as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.
nonessential element: not necessary information. If you remove nonessential information from a sentence, the sentence’s meaning would not change.
noun: a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea
paragraph: a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic
participle: a verb form ending in -ing or -ed that can function as an adjective.
pronoun: a word that takes the place of a noun
reciprocal pronoun: a pronoun that shows a mutual relationship or action of the nouns within the sentence (each other, one another)
simple sentence: a sentence that contains one independent clause with a subject and a verb.
subject: the part of the sentence that tells what the sentence is about. They are usually nouns.
supporting detail: information that helps you better understand the main idea
topic sentence: generally appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, this sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
verb: a word that expresses action or a state of being
verbals: a verb form that functions in a sentence as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. These includes gerunds, infinitives, and participles.
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